Plug-in Hybrids

Know the difference between hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and Electric Cars.

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Introduction: Electric cars, Hybrid cars & Plug-in Hybrid cars.

Hybrid cars also known as self-charging cars incorporate a small battery and an electric motor to boost efficiency. It requires a petrol or diesel engine as its primary propulsion and then runs in pure electric mode.

In plug-in hybrid vehicles, apart from petrol or diesel engines, a larger battery is also incorporated there, delivering an electric range of up to 50 miles, depending on its model.

The battery of a plug-in hybrid car is used to recharge with a home charging point or can also be charged using a public charging network.

Electric cars, battery electric vehicles, or all-electric battery vehicles depend completely on a battery pack as its means of propulsion. It must be plugged in when the battery is low on juice.

Remember this rule:

In a hybrid you cannot plug in, in a plug-in hybrid you should plug in, and in an electric car, you must plug in.

1. Hybrid Cars:

Electric Cars ,Hybrid Cars: Toyota Prius

The most famous hybrid car on the planet is Toyota Prius, which was launched in 1997. This was the world’s first mass-produced hybrid vehicle.

A hybrid car pairs an electric motor with a petrol or diesel engine. It means the driver has access to three forms of propulsion i.e. by engine, by pure electric, or both. Hybrid cars are more efficient and economical than conventional gas-powered engines.

Hybrid Cars: Pros and Cons:

Pros:

1. Familiarity:

The hybrid car is very familiar with the conventional gasoline-powered vehicles. While driving, you will not notice much difference between both and even need not to worry about recharging the battery.

2. Efficiency:

In hybrid vehicles, an electric motor is there to improve fuel economy and overall efficiency. Hybrids are more efficient than petrol, and more economical than diesel cars in the town.

Hybrid vehicles can recharge their batteries either by using an internal combustion engine or by regenerative braking. In regenerative braking, the energy that would have been lost under braking or when lifting off the accelerator pedal is diverted to the battery to power the electric motor.

3. Tax:

The government has announced Tax rebate on hybrid vehicles. As per rule, lower CO2 emission means lower vehicle excise duty (VED), especially in the first year of purchase of the vehicle.  

4. Towing:

For anyone looking for an electric car for towing, the hybrid car is the best choice. The maximum towing capacity might be slightly less in hybrid cars as compared to petrol or diesel cars but it is significantly more than of a pure electric car. Even many electric cars are not allowed and approved for towing purposes.

Cons:

1. Cost:

The cost of purchase is higher in the case of hybrid cars as compared to petrol or diesel cars.

2. Range:

The electric range of hybrids is very limited.

3. Ban:

As the government aims to go carbon neutral by 2050, The sale of new hybrid cars is to end in 2035 and petrol and diesel cars are already going to be a history after 2030.

2. Plug-in hybrid cars:

Electric cars Plug-in hybrid

The PHEV, a Plug-in hybrid vehicle is equipped with a battery pack to store and deliver power to an electric motor to run the petrol or diesel engine. The battery pack in the plug-in hybrid vehicle is recharged at home or a public charging network.

The plug-in hybrids are gaining popularity and in the U.K the Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV is the best-selling car model.

Because of a large battery pack, the plug-in hybrid vehicles travel more than the hybrid on electric power.

Generally, a plug-in hybrid car should go up to 20-30 miles of electric range, and in some brands and models, it can go up to even 50 miles of range. The BMW X5 xDrive45e claims a range of 54 miles.

Plug-in hybrid cars: pros and cons

Pros:

Backup engine:

In plug-in hybrid vehicles, the petrol or diesel engine supports the running range of the vehicle, and there is no range anxiety. When the battery is exhausted, the vehicle switches to a petrol or diesel engine. Moreover, refueling petrol or diesel is just like that of conventional gas-powered vehicles.

Less Fuel Consumption:

The plug-in hybrid cars typically start in electric mode and generally, people do not require running the gas engine to complete the shorter trips. Indeed, the average car’s daily trip is generally not more than 10 miles, and for this, the driver does not require switching the gas-powered engine.

Tax:

Especially for company car drivers, it matters great in tax benefits as the Lower CO2 emission means the Tax benefits are greater.

Lower Running Cost:

Driving of Plug-in Hybrid is as easy as a regular gasoline car, only you need to plug-in the vehicle as and when required. The combination of electric and petrol and diesel power delivers improved performance without the high running costs of a fast petrol car. Although, it is a very minor thing but in case if you don’t have access to a charging point, no need to worry much, you simply use the engine until you get home or find a charging station.

Cons:

Upfront cost:

The initial investment cost of a plug-in hybrid is a major drawback. For example, the cost of the Hyundai Ioniq hybrid is around £24,000, while the plug-in hybrid and electric versions are priced at around £30,500.

Change In Driving Habits:

The plug-in hybrid drivers will have to add in their habits of recharging their car before going for the next trip, otherwise, they will have to switch on the conventional gas engine petrol or diesel mode, which will be expensive. A plug-in hybrid is not the best choice if you are not using the battery mode.

Handling:

The Plug-in hybrids are fast in a straight line, with plenty of torque for swift overtaking. The weight of the big battery pack can have a slight disadvantage on the car’s ride and handling. They are less comfortable over pitted roads and more bulky when cornering.

3. Electric cars:

Electric Cars :Tesla

Electric Vehicles in India are growing rapidly. It is a demand to go green and save the environment with sustainable development. In this way, alternative fuel vehicles are in global demand. Electric vehicles are the most popular and adopted way to go green globally. In India, many Indian manufacturers as well as foreign investors have already launched many brands in the Indian Market.

India is growing their electric vehicles market in all segments like two-wheelers, Three-wheelers, four-wheelers, and commercial buses & trucks.

Indian Government has supported with several rebates like manufacturing rebates to the producers and tax rebates to the customers.

Electric cars: pros and cons:

Pros:

Incentives:

The government is offering a rebate of £2,500 towards the cost of new electric cars costing less than £35,000.

A separate grant of £350 is available via the electric vehicle home charge scheme when buying a home charge unit.

Tax:

The government taxes on the purchase of all-electric cars are meager and rebated. These vehicles qualify for the free VED (vehicle Excise duty), lowering the purchase cost.

Low Running Cost:

An electric car is always cheaper to run than a petrol or diesel car. It will be more economical if you charge at home and take advantage of special tariff offers to electric vehicle owners. 

The servicing and maintenance cost of electric vehicles is much less as there is no engine and hence no need to do periodic maintenance like lubrication, oiling, etc.

Air quality:

The main attraction of electric vehicles is their zero-emission quality, as there is no combustion engine and no tailpipe.

Driving experience:

The instant torque makes an electric car responsive and fun to drive and gives a great driving experience.

Cons:

Quoted range:

The range of electric cars is a major part of the concern. For a long go you, if your battery juiced, then there is no other option left with you, to go further.

With the range of available electric cars, you do not even think about running long in a single go.

.

Upfront Cost:

Although the running cost is lower in the case of electric cars, the initial upfront cost is big.

A figure of around £30,000 is more realistic, while some upmarket EVs break the £100,000 mark. 

Charging:

Anyone without access to a garage, driveway, or off-street parking might struggle to charge an electric car at home, and while the public charging network is getting better rapidly, some areas remain underserved, and there are some reports of inoperative charging units.

Conclusion:

So, if you are planning to go green on wheels and are willing to purchase an alternative fuel vehicle. Think once which one either hybrid, Plug-in hybrid, or electric vehicle is good for you? It all depends on your circumstances, so doing some planning and market surveys is essential.

If your daily running by car is within the city and not much more range is required, then go for the hybrid. A hybrid is a better alternative to a petrol or diesel car, for short trips and city movements.

A plug-in hybrid is an excellent route to a pure electric car, only you must plug it in, before your drive.

The pure all-electric car is the best alternative fuel vehicle with many new technological advances, government rebates, and support.

Hybrid Cars Are Gaining More Popularity Than Electric Cars.

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Introduction:

In India, Hybrid Cars are going ahead of Electric cars. Indian Consumers prefer hybrid vehicles to pure battery electric vehicles. Hybrid vehicles are a blend of internal combustion engines and electric motors, while the only battery-powered electric cars only depend on electric motors powered by batteries.

Hybrid Cars: Layout

Source: https://www.dummies.com/article/home-auto-hobbies/automotive/car-repair-maintenance/general-car-repair-maintenance/what-are-hybrid-vehicles-196425

Why Hybrid Cars are overtaking pure electric Cars?

#Hybrid Cars are Reliable & Affordable with low Maintenance Cost:

Hybrid vehicles are becoming more popular as these vehicles are reliable and affordable and the maintenance cost of hybrids is low. On the other hand, very limited range, lack of charging facilities and expensive insurance are the major concerns that the Electric Vehicles ecosystem needs to address effectively to make it easy for Indian customers.

# Hybrid Cars are Cheaper:

Hybrid cars are cheaper as compared to all-electric cars i.e. battery electric cars. The market researcher Jato Dynamics reports that the average retail price of a hybrid is 16.98 lakh while that of an electric vehicle is Rs 17.71 lakh. The total hybrid vehicles sales from January to December 2023 was 12.6 % of the total passenger vehicles sold whereas the share of electric vehicles was only 2.3%.

The president of Jato Dynamics, Mr. Ravi Bhatia says that the hybrids may continue to play a major role in an intermediate technology like Stepping Stone towards adopting a full adoption of electric vehicles and will help to educate and familiarize consumers with alternative fuel technologies to transit completely to electric mobility.

One of my known, who is an IT engineer, was initially planning to buy an electric version of Tata Nexon ev of having an Ex-showroom price of Rs18.69 lakh is changed his mind and opted for a hybrid Maruti Suzuki Grand Vitara Zeta of price Rs. 18.33 lakh. He says the challenges of charging infrastructure and lower outstanding value made him go for a hybrid.

Hybrid Cars vs. Electric Cars:

#Range Anxiety:

The lack of enough charging stations creates range anxiety among potential electric vehicle buyers. Hybrids with their dual power source, offer the comfort of long-distance travel without relying solely on electricity.

# Affordability:

 Compared with electric vehicles, hybrid technology is more mature and more affordable.

# Tech Familiarity:

The familiar combustion engine in hybrids brings down the apprehensions about new tech.

# Govt. Incentives:

While the Indian Government offers incentives for both electric vehicles and hybrids, policies often favor the hybrids.

# Urban Driving Conditions:

Stop-and-go traffic in cities favors hybrids as it switches seamlessly between electric and ICE power.

# Consumer Preference:

Many consumers are still hesitant about electric vehicles. Hybrids with a longer presence in the market, benefit from brand recognition and customer trust.

Conclusions:

Many car manufacturers swear that electric vehicle is the technology of the future, as they will help in meeting COP26 goals, and in going carbon neutral in the long term. However, not everyone in the automotive industry is convinced that electric vehicle is the solution.

“Electricity generation in India is largely through thermal means and hence electric vehicles don’t help in furthering COP26 objectives.  Also, there are functional transportation needs in a growing economy. Electric vehicles with the high cost of acquisition and lack of charging infrastructure have limits in addressing this requirement”.


“We need to support all sustainable fuel technologies (hybrids/ethanol blended, hydrogen, and CNG) proportionately so that we can displace petrol and diesel.” Regulatory pushes, such as CAFE or corporate average fuel efficiency that requires companies to lower greenhouse gas emissions and increase fuel efficiency–– are pushing manufacturers to launch more models in different segments.

RC Bhargava, chairperson of the country’s largest carmaker, Maruti Suzuki, says hybrids are much more acceptable to the customer as it is cleaner than EVs. He says, “We need to have multiple technologies at different price points catering to a diverse set of customers to cut down the carbon footprint.”

Shashank Srivastava, senior executive director of Maruti Suzuki, says the company will follow customer preferences “even as we meet regulatory requirements”.

The future, it seems, will be powered by many powertrains.

05 Alternatives to Battery-Powered Drivelines…

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Introduction:

The battery-powered vehicle system plays a very important role in reducing carbon emissions to the environment. Even though there are many other ways also to achieve carbon-neutral mobility than adopting battery-powered electric vehicles.

Now, battery-powered transport systems are playing a major role in shifting toward carbon-neutral mobility. Even though researchers are continuously involved in developing other ways also to achieve the goal of no or minimum carbon emission drivelines.

Below are the 05 key alternative fuels other than battery electric vehicles:

1. Hydrogen Electric Vehicle (HEV):

Hydrogen is a ready-to-use option for both the combustion engine and the fuel cells, but the efficiency of hydrogen is considerably higher in fuel cells. Hydrogen electric vehicles are zero-emission drivelines, generally hybrid vehicles with a battery as used for buffer. HEVs are self-sufficient vehicles and are fast to refill easily. The European Union, under AFIR recommended expanding a huge network for sourcing hydrogen from renewable energy sources to scale up the infrastructure and overcome the tight bottlenecks.

2. e-fuels in Compare to battery-Powered Vehicles:

The e-fuels are the chemical combination of green hydrogen and CO2 capture. It is a zero-emission by CO2 compensation. Germany has opened the door to using e-fuel after the European Union ban in 2035.

Source: https://www.cng-mobility.

3. Bio Fuels:   

Biofuels such as ethanol, biodiesel, and biogas are the prime sources of energy for propelling vehicles. The biofuels are derived from biomass, which includes organic materials like crops, agricultural residues, algae, or waste products. 

The common biofuels are:

i). Ethanol:

Ethanol is the extracted form of crops like corn, sugarcane, wheat etc and is commonly blended with gasoline to create ethanol-gasoline blends such as E10 (10% ethanol, 90% gasoline) or E85 (85% ethanol, 15% gasoline).

Flexi- fuel : Alternative to Battery- Powered

Figure 1 The Toyota Innova Hycross Flex Fuel MPV is designed to operate exclusively on Ethanol

ii). Biodiesel:

Biodiesel is the product from the residual of vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking grease. It can be used in diesel engines either by mixing with petroleum diesel in blended form or directly in pure form.

iii) Biogas:

Biogas is the product of the anaerobic digestion of organic matter like agriculture waste, sewage, or landfill. The vehicles running on compressed natural gas (CNG) or the converted vehicles run on bio-methane use biogas as fuel.

4. Compressed Air Vehicles (CAV):

Compressed Air Vehicles (CAVs) are vehicles powered by compressed air stored in onboard tanks. The concept of using compressed air as a power source for vehicles has gained attention as a potential alternative to traditional internal combustion engines or electric vehicles.

The compressed air is stored in a tank mounted on the vehicle. This stored energy is then used to power the vehicle’s engine or motor.

5. Solar-Electric Vehicles (SEV):

Solar electric vehicles (SEVs) are those, which use energy from the direct Sun i.e. solar energy to produce electricity for propelling the vehicles. These vehicles usually include solar panels, which receive sunlight and transform it into electrical energy this electrical energy is then stored in batteries, and from the battery, this energy is used to power the electric motor of the vehicles for developing the propulsive power.

Battery-Powered alternative :SEV

Figure 2 The Squad Solar City Car, as presented of the Fully Charged 2022 event in Amsterdam

Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Squad_Solar_Car

Solar panels are made up of photovoltaic cells, which are used to convert sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect.

Solar electric vehicles are powered by electric motors. The electricity generated from the solar panels is used to charge the vehicle’s batteries, which in turn power the electric motor. Some SEVs also can directly power the motor using solar energy during operation.

Conclusion:

To shift towards a more sustainable and integrated transportation system a sole carbon-neutral mobility system or a combination of new technologies and strategies is required to implement, even though battery electric vehicles play a substantial and diversified role in addressing the challenges of carbon emissions in the transport sectors.

Many innovations and technologies are there to cope with and solve issues like carbon emissions and sustainable mobility.

Carbon-neutral mobility is the demand and the future of the coming era for a more eco-friendly and sustainable environment.

Let us come together to achieve the goal for our future generation.

“8 recommendations For saving your electric cars battery life…

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Introduction Electric Cars battery:

The batteries of Electric cars are facing trouble in cold weather and this affects their performance. The batteries are being discharged soon and taking a long time to recharge again.

Certain temperature windows are optimal for batteries in terms of their life span and effective capacity. If the battery can be kept within this window without the need to cool or heat, it will perform at its best and give the electric car the longest possible range.

In cold weather, the batteries became cool and it required additional support to reach the optimum operating temperature. In addition, the battery contributes to heating the car interior at that time, which increases the electricity consumption slightly.

Electric Cars

Source: https://www.skoda-storyboard.com/en/

However, with a few simple steps, the user can ensure that consumption is minimized again and the battery operates in a way that does not negatively impact its overall life. It is similar to the various pieces of advice on extending the life of internal combustion engines in conventional cars, only most of the advice relates to something slightly different.

1. Preheating the Electric cars and the battery:

One ideal way to reduce an electric car‘s consumption, especially on shorter journeys, is to preheat both the car and the battery. It is particularly ideal to switch and preheat when charging the car.

Electric Cars : Preheating

Source: https://www.skoda-storyboard.com/en/

2. Efficient Heating of electric cars:

Even heating the electric car itself can be done efficiently to keep consumption as low as possible. For example, using seat or steering wheel heating is more efficient in terms of keeping the occupants warm than heating the cabin air alone. The heating can be turned down to a lower temperature and comfort can be provided by, for example, warming the seats.

Source: https://www.skoda-storyboard.com/en/

3. Smart Parking:

In the cold morning, it is generally essential to heat the car before taking a start. To avoid or minimize this, it either is always advisable to park your car in a garage or sheltered place. It is also advisable to connect your car in charge to preheat at a desired temperature while parking it.

Source: https://www.skoda-storyboard.com/en/

4. Anticipatory Parking:

The goal of anticipatory parking in this context would be to optimize the EV driving experience by reducing the time spent searching for parking spaces, promoting efficient use of energy, and potentially contributing to overall traffic management. Particular is the driver who has the biggest influence on an electric car’s range. In winter, anticipatory driving is more important than ever. As well as providing, a longer range is also safer on winter roads. So keep a safe distance from the cars ahead. Slow down smoothly for corners and use a driver assistance system to help you drive at even speed.

Source: https://www.skoda-storyboard.com/en/

5. Tyre Condition is Important:

Tyre maintenance in winter is very essential for safety and optimal performance. The tyre pressure, traction, and overall durability are significantly affected by the condition of tyre and its pressure.

Source: https://www.skoda-storyboard.com/en/

6. No Unnecessary Cargo:

A higher cargo weight means more energy is needed to move it. So make sure that you don’t have unnecessary items in your car that increase energy consumption.

Source: https://www.skoda-storyboard.com/en/

7. Ecco Mode:

Electric cars have a special Eco mode that limits certain functions and power consumption, thus extending the range. This Ecco system can also be used in winter for the optimum result.

Source: https://www.skoda-storyboard.com/en/

8. Ideal equipment for winter:

Special equipment can also help electric cars to extend their range. Suitable winter tyres with low rolling resistance or LED headlights can reduce consumption. An optional heat pump can be used for heating to reduce consumption compared to conventional electric heating.

Source: https://www.skoda-storyboard.com/en/

“Battery Performance of Electric Vehicles In Cold Is A Big Trouble”

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Introduction:

Cold weather causes challenges for electric vehicle owners. Electric Vehicles are getting frozen in cold weather. It is experienced by many electric vehicle drivers and even experts say that cold weather is causing a 30% loss in battery range and an increased charge time (approx. Triple) for electric vehicles.

Electric vehicles are facing problems like fall in performance, less battery life, bigger charge times, etc.

In a city like Pennsylvania in the United States, cold weather is causing serious problems for electric vehicle owners. In winter weather at extreme cold, the batteries of electric vehicles are going discharge faster and take much extra time to recharge it again.

An electric car owner at a Tesla charging station near Chicago shared that “I was at 50% when I got here and usually it takes 10 to 15 minutes to charge from 50 to 80, 90% but now in the cold it is taking an hour and 20 minutes for the same.

Charging : Electric Vehicles

Source: https://evocharge.com/resources/how-does-ev-charging-work

Reason for Battery-Troubles of Electric Vehicles in Cold:

Electric Vehicles Charging In Cold

Source: Tricky_Shark/Shutterstock.com

The experts of electric battery and fuel cells states the cold weather is causing organic chemical reactions within the chemical substances of the electric battery and that slows down its performance exponentially. The experts say battery range for electric vehicles can be reduced by up to 30% in the cold and at zero degrees can lose 10 times the amount of power. The re-charging of the batteries can take double and even triple times in the cold.

As told by the battery & fuel cells specialist and Chair Professor at Penn State’s Department of Material Science and Engineering, Mr. Chao- Yang Wang, told, “The chemistry in the battery will slow down almost exponentially with the decreasing temperature”.

As of now, the current electric vehicle charging infrastructure is less in number and at are far in distance which is also a trouble for the electric vehicle owner to go for a long in the cold.

The characteristics of lithium-ion batteries are very sensitive to excess temperature in cold weather. The battery-making companies are working continuously to develop better technology to nullify the existing defects and improve the performance of electric vehicles for all climates.

Electric vehicle (EV) batteries can experience challenges in cold weather due to several factors:

1. Temperature Sensitivity of Lithium-ion batteries of Electric Vehicles:

Lithium ion Battery For Electric Vehicles

Source:https://possibility.teledyneimaging.com/wp-content

Most electric vehicles use lithium-ion batteries, which are sensitive in case of excess temperatures. The efficiency of the lithium-ion batteries decreases in cold weather and the capacity to provide and accept the charge weakens. The chemical reactions within the battery become slower in colder temperatures and decrease the overall performance.

2. Reduced Energy Storage Capacity:

The energy storage capacity of lithium-ion batteries is minimal in cold weather. And when the temperature drops, the internal resistance of the battery rises, and it creates difficulty for electrons to move within the cells and the overall energy output of the battery decreases.

3. Increased Internal Resistance:

The internal resistances of the batteries are high in cold temperatures, which causes higher losses during the charging and discharging processes. This internal resistance can cause the battery to heat up during the process and this may further reduce the overall efficiency of the battery.

4. Charging Limitations:

In cold weather during charging the battery, gets overheated, and due to this reason, it takes longer time to charge the battery of the electric vehicles.

5. Range Reduction:

In cold, the battery energy of electric vehicles is used for heating the systems, which affects significantly the driving, range of the electric vehicles.

Solution of Electric Vehicles Battery Low Charge in Cold Weather:

Battery pre-conditioning:

To overcome the impact of cold weather on electric vehicle batteries, many electric vehicles are now coming with the facility of battery pre-conditioning systems. These systems are used to heat and the battery before starting the vehicle, which improves the performance of the battery.

Experts suggest using the pre-condition setting offered in some electric vehicles to optimize the battery performance in cold weather. Drivers should also ensure a full charge and keep their electric vehicles in warmer condition when not in use as possible.

Whenever electric vehicle drivers notice that their vehicles are performing less in the cold, They should know to practice some necessary tips to maximize the battery life and better performance.

Conclusions:

The electric vehicle market is growing globally and many different players like Tesla, BYD, Toyota, Hyundai, Mercedes, and many more are involved in manufacturing and R&D.

Despite, the current battery technology has trouble in combating the issue; however, innovations are going on by different institutions. The scientific solution to this problem is available but it will take time for the automobile industries to implement it practically. It is expected that within four to five years this problem will go away completely.

By the time, a basic preparatory work is required to do before you make a trip, like checking you’re a battery at its full charge capacity, and pre-heating of the vehicle.

The New Generation Vehicles: Alternative Fuel cars, Electric & Hybrid cars…

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Introduction:

An electric vehicle (EV) is an automobile that makes use of one or more electric power system to propel the vehicle. The electric vehicles are powered by the energy stored in a collector system of an extravehicular source. Even they could be powered independently by using a battery (every so often charged with the aid of solar panels, or with the aid of changing gasoline to energy the use of gasoline cells or a generator).

Electric vehicles comprise street and rail motors, submerged vessels, electric-powered spacecraft, and planes. Electric vehicles were first introduced in the late nineteenth century, while energy became a few of the desired strategies for motor automobile propulsion. Internal combustion engines have been the main propulsion technique for automobiles for the last hundred years, whereas, electric-powered energy has remained common in different automobiles like trains and smaller motors.

Different Types of Electric Vehicles are:

1. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV):

A battery unit charged by electricity solely powers the battery electric vehicle. The battery electric vehicles entirely depend on the electricity stored in the battery, for power to run the vehicles and there is no internal combustion engine to propel or give power to the wheels of these vehicles.

The battery electric vehicles are charged by plugging into an electric power source at home or the charging station.

Battery electric vehicles

Figure 1 Battery Electric Vehicle

Component of Battery Electric Vehicle:

1. Electric Motor:

Electric motor is the primary propulsion system in the battery electric vehicle. The electric motor converts battery electrical energy into mechanical energy to the wheel of the vehicle.

2. Battery Pack:

The battery pack is the collection of individual cells that store electrical energy. These cells are usually lithium-ion batteries. The size and capacity of the battery pack determine the range of vehicles.

3. Power Inverter:

In electrical vehicles, the alternating current (A.C) powers the electric motor. The direct current (DC) from the battery is converted into alternating current by the power inverter.

4. Charging Port:

In battery-electric vehicles, there is a charging port, which is provided to recharge the battery through an external power source. There may be different types of connectors depending on the charging infrastructure.

5. Onboard Charger:

The onboard charger converts the AC power from the external source into DC power suitable for charging the battery.

6. Thermal Management System:

The thermal management system is essential for maintaining optimal operating temperatures of both the battery and the electric motor. This system helps to ensure the long life and effectiveness of electrical components like the battery and the motor.

7. Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) and Battery Management System (BMS):

 The vehicle control unit manages various vehicle functions and the battery management system monitors and manages the state of charge, temperature, and the overall health of the battery.

Working Principles of Battery Electric Vehicles:

The working principles of battery electric vehicles can be described as explained below:

1. Charging:

The battery electric vehicle is charged by plugging it into an external power source. The onboard charger converts AC power from the source into DC power to charge the battery.

2. Battery Storage:

The battery stores the electrical energy into chemical form. The energy is later converted back to electricity to power the electric motor.

3. Discharging:

When the driver accelerates the vehicle, the VCU (Vehicle Control Unit) sends signals to the power inverter, which converts DC power from the battery into AC power for the electric motor.

4. Propulsion:

The electric motor uses this electrical energy to generate mechanical energy, driving the wheels and propelling the vehicle.

5. Regenerative Braking:

During braking. The electric motor can act as a generator, converting kinetic energy back into electrical energy. This energy is then fed back into the battery, enhancing the overall efficiency.

2. Fuel –Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV):

A fuel-cell electric vehicle is an electric vehicle that uses a fuel cell to generate electricity on board. These vehicles generate electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in a fuel cell.

The hydrogen and oxygen in water produce electricity and release heat as a byproduct. A fuel cell vehicle also known as a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle operates on a different principle compared to battery electric vehicles.

The most common type of fuel cell used in FCEVs is the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell.

Figure 2.a. Hydrogen Fuel Electric Vehicle Layout

Figure 2.b Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Block Diagram.

Component of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles:

1. Fuel Cell Stack:

The fuel cell stack is the heart of an FCEV. It consists of multiple individual fuel cells that use a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity. The most common type of fuel cell for FCEVs is the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell.

The chemical reaction is 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O + electrical energy.

2. Hydrogen Tank:

The fuel cell electric vehicles store compressed gas in high-pressure tanks. The hydrogen is then delivered to the fuel cell stack when needed.

3. Power Control unit:

The power control unit manages the flow of electrical power between the fuel cell stack and the electric motor. It may include power electronics to regulate the voltage and current for optional performance.

4. Electric Motor:

These fuel vehicles are equipped with an electric motor that is powered by the electricity generated in the fuel cell stack. This motor drives the wheel of the vehicle.

5. Battery (optional):

In some FCEVs, a small battery can be included to store excess energy generated by the fuel cell stack. This battery can provide additional power during acceleration or other high–demand situations.

6. Air Intake:

For the electrochemical reaction with hydrogen, the FCEVs pull the atmospheric air through the air intake system to provide the necessary oxygen to the fuel cell.

7. Water Vapour Release:

The byproduct of the chemical reaction in the fuel cell is water vapor, which is released as part of the vehicle’s emissions.

Working Principles of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles:

1. Hydrogen Intake:

Compressed hydrogen gas is taken from the high-pressure storage tank and fed into the fuel cell stack.

2. Electrochemical Reaction:

In the fuel cell stack, hydrogen reacts with oxygen from the air to produce electricity, water vapor, and heat. The generated electricity that powers the electric motor.

3. Electricity Generation:

The electric motor uses the generated electricity to propel the vehicle. The electric motor works like that of battery electric vehicles.

4. Water Vapor Release:

The only emission from a fuel cell vehicle is water vapor, making it a clean and environmentally friendly option.

5. Regenerative Braking:

Similar to battery electric vehicles, some Fuel cell electric vehicles incorporate regenerative braking, where the electric motor acts as a generator during braking to recover energy and charge the battery if present.

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles are considered environmentally friendly because they produce zero emissions at the tailpipe, and their only byproduct is water vapor. However, challenges include the development of a hydrogen infrastructure for refueling and the energy-intensive process of producing hydrogen.

3. Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle:

A plug-in hybrid vehicle is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines features of both traditional internal combustion engine vehicles and battery electric vehicles. Plug-in hybrid vehicles have the ability to operate on electric power alone for a certain distance and can also use an internal combustion engine for longer journeys. The key feature of a PHEV is its ability to be charged by plugging into an external power source.

Electric vehicles: plug-in Hybrid electric vehicles

Figure 3 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Component of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

1. Electric Motor:

PHEVs are equipped with an electric motor that can propel the vehicle using electricity stored in a battery. The electric motor works in tandem with the internal combustion engine.

2. Battery Pack:

PHEVs have a larger battery pack compared to traditional hybrids, allowing them to store more electrical energy for extended electric-only driving. The battery is typically charged by plugging into an electric power source.

3. Internal Combustion Engine:

PHEVs also have a traditional internal combustion engine, usually powered by gasoline or diesel, which provides additional range when the battery is depleted.

4. Charging Port:

PHEVs are equipped with a charging port that allows the vehicle to be connected to an external power source, such as a standard electrical outlet or a dedicated charging station.

5. Onboard Charger:

The onboard charger converts AC power from the external source into DC power suitable for charging the battery.

6. Power Control Unit (PCU):

The PCU manages the power flow between the electric motor, the battery, and the internal combustion engine, optimizing efficiency and performance.

7. Regenerative Braking:

PHEVs often feature regenerative braking, where the electric motor acts as a generator during braking to convert kinetic energy back into electrical energy, which is then used to charge the battery.

Working Principle of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles:

1.Electric-Only Mode:

In electric-only mode, the PHEV operates using electricity stored in the battery. This mode is suitable for shorter trips and can be used for commuting or driving in urban areas.

2. Hybrid Mode:

When the battery charge is depleted or additional power is needed for high-demand situations, the internal combustion engine kicks in, and the vehicle operates in a hybrid mode. In this mode, both the electric motor and the internal combustion engine work together to provide power to the wheels.

3. Charging:

PHEVs can be charged by plugging into an electric power source. The battery can be charged overnight using a standard electrical outlet or more quickly using a dedicated charging station.

4. Fueling:

For longer trips or when the battery is depleted, PHEVs can be fueled like traditional vehicles at gas stations, using gasoline or diesel.

PHEVs offer a balance between the benefits of electric-only driving and the flexibility of a traditional internal combustion engine, making them a suitable choice for drivers who want to reduce their fuel consumption and emissions without sacrificing the convenience of longer driving ranges.

3. Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle

A Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle (MHEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that incorporates a small electric motor to assist the internal combustion engine. Unlike full hybrid or plug-in hybrid vehicles, MHEVs cannot operate on electric power alone for an extended period; instead, the electric motor provides support to the conventional engine. The primary purpose of the electric motor in MHEVs is to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.

Electric Vehicles: Mild Hybrid electric vehicles

Figure 4 full Hybrid and mild hybrid vehicles

Components of Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle:

1. Electric Motor:

MHEVs have a small electric motor that assists the internal combustion engine during acceleration and other high-demand situations. This motor is generally not powerful enough to propel the vehicle on its own.

2. Battery:

MHEVs feature a small battery, typically with a lower capacity than the batteries in full hybrid or plug-in hybrid vehicles. The battery stores energy captured during braking and deceleration, which is then used to assist the engine.

3. Start-Stop System:

Many MHEVs are equipped with a start-stop system, where the internal combustion engine turns off when the vehicle is stationary, such as at traffic lights. The electric motor helps restart the engine quickly and smoothly when needed.

4. Regenerative Braking System:

MHEVs often employ regenerative braking, similar to full hybrid vehicles. The electric motor acts as a generator during braking, converting kinetic energy into electricity, which is then used to charge the small battery.

5. Power Assistance:

The electric motor provides additional power during acceleration, reducing the load on the internal combustion engine and improving overall fuel efficiency.

Working Principle of MHEVs:

1. Idle Start- Stop:

When the vehicle comes to a stop, the internal combustion engine is automatically turned off to save fuel. The small electric motor helps restart the engine quickly when the driver releases the brake or presses the accelerator.

2. Acceleration Assistance:

During acceleration, the electric motor provides additional power to assist the internal combustion engine, reducing fuel consumption.

3. Regenerative Braking System:

When the driver applies the brakes, the electric motor acts as a generator, capturing energy during deceleration. This energy is used to charge the small battery.

4. Battery Assistance:

The stored electrical energy in the small battery is used to provide additional power to the electric motor during acceleration or other situations where extra power is required.

MHEVs offer fuel efficiency benefits without the need for external charging. They are often positioned as a cost-effective and simpler alternative to full hybrids or plug-in hybrids, providing some of the advantages of electrification without significant changes to the vehicle’s overall design or driving experience.

Alternative Fuel Vehicles: “A Clean And Green Energy”…

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Table of Contents:

  • Introduction
  • Why Alternative Fuel Vehicles
  • Present Scenarios of Alternative Fuel Vehicles In India
  • Factors Driving The Shift To Greener Mobility
  • Affordability & Maintenance
  • Conclusions

Introductions:

Alternative fuel vehicles may be defined as a vehicle that is powered by any fuel other than conventional petroleum fuels (diesel or petrol).The term “alternative fuel,” as defined by the U.S. Department of Energy and the Energy Policy Act of 1992, refers to-:

  • biodiesel,
  • electricity,
  • ethanol,
  • hydrogen,
  • natural gas,
  • propane,
  • and new fuels, still under development

Why Alternative Fuel Vehicles:

  • India is the third-largest user of transport automobiles in the world and 70% of its transport energy need is fulfilled by importing fossil fuels.
  • “The aim is to gradually shift to fuels, which are import substitutes, cost-effective, indigenous and pollution-free.
  • Conventional Fuels are limited and depleting.

The conventional fuel (gasoline) is not renewable and a day will come when our vehicles will be useless with an empty stomach as there will be no fuel to fill in. Therefore, it is necessary to go for an alternative solution.

  • Alternative Fuels are Pollution-free

Alternative fuel vehicles do not emit harmful exhaust gases like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and sulfur dioxide as well as ozone-producing emissions.

  • Protect against global warming

Burning fossil fuels causes a temperature rise in the earth’s atmosphere i.e. global warming.

  • To Save Money

Alternative fuels are less expensive in terms of the cost of fuel and maintenance of the vehicle.

Present Scenarios of Alternative Fuel Vehicles In India:

As per the Economic Times Report, 20% of cars sold in metros run on alternate fuels; sales doubled in the last 3 years.

These vehicles are either running on:

Electricity:

Electric Vehicles : Charging Mode at Charging Port.

or Hybrid :

Electric Vehicle: Hybrid Car

or CNG as Fuel :

Alternative Fuel vehicles : CNG Vehicles

Present Scenarios of Alternative Fuel Vehicles In India:

  • The Economic Times report said that the market share of alternative vehicles increased to reach 12.95 percent in urban centers this year. And this was only 4.68 percent in 2020.
  • Rural areas have also seen a shift on similar lines where the market share for vehicles operating on alternate powertrains rose to 8.39 percent from 3.75 percent during the same period,
  • Certainly, this growing acceptance of hybrid and electric vehicles hit the combined share of diesel and petrol vehicles and has gone down by 8.27 percent in Urban and 4.64 percent in rural markets.

Factors driving the shift to greener mobility:

Government push and rebates to both the manufacturers and the end users, resulted in the car manufacturers launching more electric-powered vehicles, along with the expansion of CNG dispensing stations and growing charging infrastructure for EVs, which are driving the shift away from conventional fossil fuels.

Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid and) Electric Vehicles (FAME) – I and II:

  • FAME, or Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid and) Electric vehicles, is currently India’s flagship scheme for promoting electric mobility
  • In its 2nd phase of implementation, FAME-II is being implemented on 1st April 2019 with a budget allocation of 10,000 Cr.

Central Government Incentives on various Alternative Fuel vehicles:

Sl.No.       Total Approximate IncentivesApproximate size of battery
1.Two Wheeler: Rs 15000/- per kWh up to 40% of the cost of vehiclesTwo Wheeler: 2 kWh
2.Three Wheeler: Rs 10000/- per kWhThree Wheeler: 5 kWh
3.Four Wheeler : Rs 10000/- per kWhThree Wheeler: 15 kWh
4.E Buses: Rs 20000/- per kWhE Buses: 250 kWh
5.E Trucks: Rs 20000/- per kWhE Truck: 250 kWh
  • The government has initiated work on the third phase of the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles in India (FAME-III) financial support scheme, which is likely to encompass alternative fuel vehicles,
  • According to a senior government official, there is a proposal to incorporate vehicles powered by alternative sources such as hydrogen and biofuels along with electric vehicles in the upcoming phase of FAME.  
  • “The objective is to shift away from conventional polluting vehicles, and the incentive for alternative fuels aims to encourage the transition from internal combustion engine (ICE) to cleaner technology,” government officials observed
  • As per the ET report, the Managing director of Tata Motors passenger vehicle and Passenger electric mobility, “Diesel in any case is declining.
  • He added that for us, we are very clear that we have defined our net zero in 2040, which means a very fast acceleration of EVs.”

Affordability & Maintenance of Electric Car:

Running Cost of Tata Tiago Electric Car:

  • Monthly Charging Cost             Rs. 750
  • Daily Charging Cost                   Rs. 25
  • Per KM charging Costs               Rs. 0.5

This cost is calculated based on charging the vehicle at a rate of 6.5/ units of electricity and assuming a daily run of 50 kilometers.

Maintenance of Electric Car:

  • As there is no internal combustion engine and no moving parts, the wear and tear is zero, hence no need to keep regular maintenance like filling mobile oil, coolant, etc.
  • Only periodic Tyre and battery maintenance is required in all-electric vehicles.

Conclusion:

  • Many Indian manufacturers like Maruti and Tata Motors are working towards doubling their EV portfolio and offering different electric vehicles in the next few months.  
  • The share of diesel vehicles has dropped to 15 percent from the peak of 88 percent,
  • The share of electric vehicle sales has risen to 14-15 percent.
  • The EV share is likely to grow further to 25 percent by 2027 and 50 percent by the end of the decade.

10 Reasons : why to Chose an Electric Car

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Electric Cars with no Emissions

Introduction: Electric Car

The number of Electric Car consumers are increasing, and various convincing opinions are there in favor of this revolutionary trend. However, some people hold a negative perception of the electric vehicles and claim that these vehicles are not fit for daily use.

As more Electric car charging stations are being established throughout cities and highways across the world, people’s perceptions are changing and they are looking forward to electric vehicles.

Electric Cars ; Solar Electric car
Electric cars : Happy Family with Electric Car

Source: Image by Senivpetro on Freepik.

The electric cars have numerous benefits over a gasoline powered vehicles.

The following 10 economical and environmental reasons why we should go for an electric vehicle:

1. Safety features of Electric Car:

Electric cars are equipped with many advanced safety features, which ensures that EV owners keep themselves, their belongings, and others on the road to be safe.

As per the report from the Institute for Highway Safety, the electric vehicle injury claims are substantially less than the gas vehicles.

Electric Cars are generally come with the following safety features:

  • Adaptive Cruise Control in Electric Car:

The adaptive cruise control system monitors the objects in front of the vehicle using the sensors or cameras. If your vehicle is just about to rear end of someone, the adaptive cruise control technology will instantly engage your brakes to prevent a collision.

  • Automatic High Beam Deactivation in Electric Car:

This is a camera based system that deactivates the high beams when detects a close distance between two vehicles.

  • Forward Collision Warning(FCW)System in Electric Car:

The forward collision warning system uses sensors to identify a potential accident when your vehicle approaches a vehicle or other things ahead. The FCW system informs you when you are going too fast and recommend you to slow down to avoid an accident.

  • Lane Departing Warning(LDW)System:

This system is a camera-based technology that senses and detects whether the driver is about to drift out of their lane using onboard camera.

  • Lane Keeping Assistance:

The lane keeping assistance pushes the vehicle back into its lane when a driver fails to respond the lane-departure warning.

  • Blind Spot Monitoring:

This monitors traffic in the adjoining lanes and indicates if a vehicle approaches from either side.

  • Surround View Camera:

The facility supports in parking by providing the driver with 360- degree picture of the vehicle and its surroundings

2. Instant Torque and Acceleration of Electric Car:

The twisting force, torque is the important features, which makes electric vehicles different from the fuel-powered vehicles or gasoline vehicles. The electric motor’s allows instantly moving away when you press the pedal in a hybrid or electric vehicles.

The major difference between electric and gas powered vehicle is that the electric vehicles does not need any transmission system. In electric vehicles, by pressing the acceleration pedal, the car’s motor immediately sends power to the wheels and develops an instant torque and the acceleration.

In gasoline-powered vehicles, the engine power can be delivered to the wheels after an operation of multi-gear downshift. And in case of electric vehicles, only a simple connection to the battery is required to power the wheels.

Electric Cars : Features

Source: Image by Fanjianhua on Freepik.

3. Silent and comfortable Features in Electric Car:

In electric vehicles, as there is no engine and very few moving parts, the noise is negligible. Thus, the silence and the comfort is the two basic things that people look for in their car, and gets in an electric vehicles.

The electric vehicles are equipped with all the modern features like air-conditioning, heating and other amenities, which provides all comforts to the passengers.

4. Less Maintenance:

As there is no engine and transmission system and very few moving parts in electric vehicles, there is no friction and hence no wear & tear. No need to do periodic maintenance of changing mobile oil, coolant, brake oil, gear oil etc. Only battery charging is required and a periodic rotation of tires is necessary.

5. Cheaper in fuel:

The initial purchase cost of an electric vehicle is little higher than the gasoline powered vehicles. However, the after purchase maintenance and fuel cost is lesser than the conventional gasoline powered vehicles. There is no need to fuel electric vehicles as it runs on battery-powered electric motors.

The battery can be charged free of cost or with minimal charge on public charging stations.Even you can charge your car at your home itself.

Electric Cars : Cheaper in Fuel, only battery charging is required.

Source: Image by Freepik

6. Buyers’ Incentives:

There are government incentives and tax rebate available on the purchase of the electric vehicles. To promote the electric vehicles, make a clean and green environment the consumers are motivated with many incentives to go for the pollution free transport facilities.

There are number of financial measures designed to incentivize consumers for purchasing the electric vehicles by the European Union.

7. Tax Cuts:

To encourage the electric vehicles sales, government has implemented a plan to increase the tax burden on conventional gasoline powered vehicles with greater emission and give relaxation in tax to those vehicles like electric and hybrid vehicles with lower emissions.

Norway is the best example of the highest attention of electric vehicle sales in the world. Here the new car buyers save 25% on an electric vehicle purchase since from starting as because of exemption in VAT.

In Germany, also the electric vehicles are free from vehicle tax for up to 10years.        

The United States also give tax relaxation for purchasing electric vehicles. Even, the national federal taxes based on fuel usage, including the gas tax and car registration costs are exempted.

Electric Cars Tax Rebate

Source: Image by rawpixel.com on Freepik

8. Less Depreciation Value:

It is important to think about the depreciation value and the rate of depreciation while purchasing your vehicle. However, it depends on many variables including kind, model, age and condition of the vehicles.

As per the scientific studies, the value of electric vehicle is more stable than that of the conventional gasoline vehicles. An analysis by Autolist shows that the Tesla model S has more retention value than its gas powered competitors like Audi A8. Mercedes S-class and BMW 7 Series.

9. Zero Emission:

Electric vehicles are better for planet. The electric vehicles have no emission, as there is no tail pipe.

In EVs, there is no combustion as in internal combustion engine vehicles. A gasoline-powered vehicle emits various harmful pollutants like carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, ozone and particulate matters. These pollutants affects badly to human health and the climate.

However, the electricity used to power the electric vehicles comes from the coal power stations, it is still the electric vehicles emit less global warming pollution than the conventional gasoline vehicles.

Again, for no impact on world’s carbon footprint, the solar powered electric vehicles are good for zero emission. Because there is no pollution or waste involved in the process of powering your vehicle, this is the most environmentally responsible way to drive a car.

10. Unlimited Access to City Centers:

Many polluting vehicles are restricted in city centers of major European cities. However, the electric cars have unlimited access to city centers and low emission zones.

Many cities like Paris, Barcelona, Madrid and London have their own vehicle entry regulations. And these cities have low-emission zones to reduce the air pollution by barring certain types of vehicles from entering specific areas at all times or on specific days of the week.

In Paris, for example, you can only drive your car into the city center if it is electric or has been adapted for disabled people.

In London, there are different rules depending on how old your car is; newer cars can enter the center without issue, but older vehicles may be required to pay a fee.

Electric Cars easy parking access

Source: Image by Freepik

11. Conclusion:

Now it is very important than ever to take an action to protect the environment. There are various ways to protect and make your environment clean and green and pollution free. It is our responsibility to give a better atmosphere and safe life for our coming generation.

One of the various ways is to switch for alternative fuel vehicles and the electric cars are the best option. The electric cars does not demand to sacrifices your comfort or safety. Nowadays the electric vehicles are widely demanded and opted by the drivers who are looking for the new technologies and even don’t think to pay little extra for getting high technology cars with all comforts and environmental friendly.

The whole world is changing rapidly and opting the new generation technology in every fields and we too need to change with the upcoming generation and the technologies. There are enormous benefits of opting the new generation electric cars. It is not only beneficial for a person or for his/ her family but for the whole planet.  

Ultimately, the choice is yours, if you think to do something for the climate change and want to make a bright and clean future for our next generation; you should go for the alternative fuels and the electric cars.

10 of the cheapest electric vehicles you can buy today

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Zero Emission Cars: Electric vEhicles

Introduction:

Now you too can buy electric vehicles. It’s now myth that the electric cars are only for the very rich people. Think once again.

In February,2023, the average U.S non-luxury cars including both gas and electric were retailed for about $44,700. Even though there are at least 10 electric cars that cost less than that price and even three electric cars are under $30,000.

The Federal, state and local rebates and incentives can also help to reduce thousands of dollars in electric vehicles buying price.

Even the leasing of an electric vehicle can make you eligible for a greater federal tax rebate than buying that EV.

Here are the 10 cheapest electric vehicles to buy in your budget:

  1. Chevrolet Bolt:
Electric Vehicles : Chevrolet Bolt
  • Price: $27495
  • Federal Tax Benefit: $7500 Fedral Tax Credit
  • Estimated Rang: 259 Miles
  • Fun to Drive with great range.

2. Chevrolet Bolt EUV:

Electric Vehicles : Chevrolet Bolt EUV
  • Price: $28795
  • Seating Capacity: For Five
  • Federal Tax Benefit: $7500 fedral Tax Credit
  • Estimated Rang: 247 Miles
  • Larger version of GM’s original Chevy Bolt.

3. Nissan Leaf S:

Electric Vehicles. : Nissan Leaf S
  • Price: $29135
  • Estimated Rang: 149 Miles
  • Leaf S is a great option for those who drives shorter distances and charge primarily at home.

4. Mini Electric Hard Top:

Electric Vehicles : Mini Electric Hard Top
  • Price: $31895
  • Estimated Rang: 114 Miles
  • A Zippy import, the Mini Electric gets agile handling and quick acceleration.

5. Hyundai Kona Electric:

Electric Vehicles : Hyundai Kona Electric
  • Price: $34885
  • Estimated Rang: 258 Miles
  • One of the best electric vehicle under $50,000

6. Nissan Leaf SV Plus:

Electric Vehicles : Nissan Leaf SV Plus
  • Price: $37135
  • Estimated Rang: 212 Miles
  • Second generation Leaf gets high marks for safety and its practicality from the consumers.

7. Volkswagen ID.4 Standard:

Electric Vehicles : Volkswagen ID.4 standard
  • Price: $40290
  • Estimated Rang: 209 Miles
  • Offers Ample cargo space and three years of electrify charging at America’s fast charging Network.

8. Kia Niro EV Wind:

Electric Vehicles : kia Niro EV wind
  • Price: $40875
  • Estimated Rang: 253 Miles
  • Comes with driver assistance and wireless smartphone charger.

9. Hyundai Ioniq 5:

Electric Vehicles : Hyundai Ioniq 5
  • Price: $44235
  • Estimated Rang: 220 Miles
  • Compelling choice for anyone moving first swing towards Electric vehicles.

10. Nissan Ariya:

Electric Vehicles. : Nissan Ariya
  • Price: $44525
  • Estimated Rang: 216 Miles
  • Nissan Ariya is a Crossover SUV, comes with important safety features like blind spot monitoring and automatic braking.

Conclusion:

There are various automakers and new upcoming startups in the field of electric and hybrid vehicles manufacturing are coming to the market and new inventions are creating more opportunities for the players. This definitely creates more possibilities to reduce the manufacturing cost and then the selling price.

Even the tax incentives and government rebates are the key point of discussion for the price relaxation in all electric vehicles.

So the average and common people should rethink before purchasing their new car and can think of any budget Electric Vehicles.

Electric Vehicles Sales:Crossed 7 % in the first half of 2023.

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Introduction:

In the U.S., Electric Vehicles are smashing all categories of records.

The market share of new electric cars surpassed 7% for the first half of the year 2023 , moving past a critical tipping point for mass acceptance. In the last few months, all-time sales capped 3 million.

Electric Vehicles sales crossed 7% :Tesla vehicles in a parking lot after arriving at a port. (Toru Hanai/Bloomberg News)

Electric Vehicles Market Growth Analysis:

However, perhaps the most remarkable of all is the accomplishment of a record-hot pace of almost one (01) million new Electric Vehicles per year. According to an analysis of Bloomberg Green, in the last 12 months through June, Americans bought 977,445 cars that run solely on electricity.

In the U.S., it took approx. 10 years to sell its first million fully electric vehicles, two years to reach the second million, and just over a year to reach the third. By the time the up-to-date quarter’s records are checked up over the next month and is supposed that the country should be well on its way to a fourth million EVs.

Fully Electric vehicles surge to 3 Million in U.S :The pace of adoption continues to accelerate.

A 12-month rolling sales of electric vehicles is another way to look at the yearly pace of EV purchases, which reveals unexpected progress. For this attitude, each new calendar quarter displays the year of EV purchases leading up to that point. It smooths out periodic variations that can disguise longer-term trends.

During the period during the start of the pandemic, the only time 12-month Electric vehicle sales declined was during a brief stretch beginning in the third quarter of 2019. That is when Tesla for the time being exported a substantial share of its American-made Model 3 inventory to kick off overseas sales.

Are electric vehicles ready to branch out in the US? Chart shows the cumulative market share of fully electric vehicles (BEV)

The story of U.S. electric vehicle acceptance has so far been the tale of two leading actors: the state of California and Tesla Inc. The crucial EV tipping point of 5% of new car sales among the first top 10 worldwide auto market was reached only by California. Tesla recently removed Toyota as the top-selling vehicle brand, electric or otherwise, in the state

Conclusion:

Markets need to branch out for Electric Vehicles to become truly mainstream across the U.S., and for the Detroit auto industry to continue the changeover. Geographically, this happens with California losing some of its U.S. EV shares to states like Texas, Florida, Washington, and New Jersey. Tesla, however, is still very much in the driver’s seat, responsible for 61% of EVs ever sold in the US.

The analyst Corey Cantor of Bloomberg looked at a similar 01 million electric vehicles milestone that included plug-in hybrids. As per the result of the analysis, if you include all cars that come with a plug, he found, that Americans are already buying a million EVs every nine months.

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