Hybrids

The New Generation Vehicles: Alternative Fuel cars, Electric & Hybrid cars…

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Introduction:

An electric vehicle (EV) is an automobile that makes use of one or more electric power system to propel the vehicle. The electric vehicles are powered by the energy stored in a collector system of an extravehicular source. Even they could be powered independently by using a battery (every so often charged with the aid of solar panels, or with the aid of changing gasoline to energy the use of gasoline cells or a generator).

Electric vehicles comprise street and rail motors, submerged vessels, electric-powered spacecraft, and planes. Electric vehicles were first introduced in the late nineteenth century, while energy became a few of the desired strategies for motor automobile propulsion. Internal combustion engines have been the main propulsion technique for automobiles for the last hundred years, whereas, electric-powered energy has remained common in different automobiles like trains and smaller motors.

Different Types of Electric Vehicles are:

1. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV):

A battery unit charged by electricity solely powers the battery electric vehicle. The battery electric vehicles entirely depend on the electricity stored in the battery, for power to run the vehicles and there is no internal combustion engine to propel or give power to the wheels of these vehicles.

The battery electric vehicles are charged by plugging into an electric power source at home or the charging station.

Battery electric vehicles

Figure 1 Battery Electric Vehicle

Component of Battery Electric Vehicle:

1. Electric Motor:

Electric motor is the primary propulsion system in the battery electric vehicle. The electric motor converts battery electrical energy into mechanical energy to the wheel of the vehicle.

2. Battery Pack:

The battery pack is the collection of individual cells that store electrical energy. These cells are usually lithium-ion batteries. The size and capacity of the battery pack determine the range of vehicles.

3. Power Inverter:

In electrical vehicles, the alternating current (A.C) powers the electric motor. The direct current (DC) from the battery is converted into alternating current by the power inverter.

4. Charging Port:

In battery-electric vehicles, there is a charging port, which is provided to recharge the battery through an external power source. There may be different types of connectors depending on the charging infrastructure.

5. Onboard Charger:

The onboard charger converts the AC power from the external source into DC power suitable for charging the battery.

6. Thermal Management System:

The thermal management system is essential for maintaining optimal operating temperatures of both the battery and the electric motor. This system helps to ensure the long life and effectiveness of electrical components like the battery and the motor.

7. Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) and Battery Management System (BMS):

 The vehicle control unit manages various vehicle functions and the battery management system monitors and manages the state of charge, temperature, and the overall health of the battery.

Working Principles of Battery Electric Vehicles:

The working principles of battery electric vehicles can be described as explained below:

1. Charging:

The battery electric vehicle is charged by plugging it into an external power source. The onboard charger converts AC power from the source into DC power to charge the battery.

2. Battery Storage:

The battery stores the electrical energy into chemical form. The energy is later converted back to electricity to power the electric motor.

3. Discharging:

When the driver accelerates the vehicle, the VCU (Vehicle Control Unit) sends signals to the power inverter, which converts DC power from the battery into AC power for the electric motor.

4. Propulsion:

The electric motor uses this electrical energy to generate mechanical energy, driving the wheels and propelling the vehicle.

5. Regenerative Braking:

During braking. The electric motor can act as a generator, converting kinetic energy back into electrical energy. This energy is then fed back into the battery, enhancing the overall efficiency.

2. Fuel –Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV):

A fuel-cell electric vehicle is an electric vehicle that uses a fuel cell to generate electricity on board. These vehicles generate electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in a fuel cell.

The hydrogen and oxygen in water produce electricity and release heat as a byproduct. A fuel cell vehicle also known as a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle operates on a different principle compared to battery electric vehicles.

The most common type of fuel cell used in FCEVs is the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell.

Figure 2.a. Hydrogen Fuel Electric Vehicle Layout

Figure 2.b Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Block Diagram.

Component of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles:

1. Fuel Cell Stack:

The fuel cell stack is the heart of an FCEV. It consists of multiple individual fuel cells that use a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity. The most common type of fuel cell for FCEVs is the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell.

The chemical reaction is 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O + electrical energy.

2. Hydrogen Tank:

The fuel cell electric vehicles store compressed gas in high-pressure tanks. The hydrogen is then delivered to the fuel cell stack when needed.

3. Power Control unit:

The power control unit manages the flow of electrical power between the fuel cell stack and the electric motor. It may include power electronics to regulate the voltage and current for optional performance.

4. Electric Motor:

These fuel vehicles are equipped with an electric motor that is powered by the electricity generated in the fuel cell stack. This motor drives the wheel of the vehicle.

5. Battery (optional):

In some FCEVs, a small battery can be included to store excess energy generated by the fuel cell stack. This battery can provide additional power during acceleration or other high–demand situations.

6. Air Intake:

For the electrochemical reaction with hydrogen, the FCEVs pull the atmospheric air through the air intake system to provide the necessary oxygen to the fuel cell.

7. Water Vapour Release:

The byproduct of the chemical reaction in the fuel cell is water vapor, which is released as part of the vehicle’s emissions.

Working Principles of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles:

1. Hydrogen Intake:

Compressed hydrogen gas is taken from the high-pressure storage tank and fed into the fuel cell stack.

2. Electrochemical Reaction:

In the fuel cell stack, hydrogen reacts with oxygen from the air to produce electricity, water vapor, and heat. The generated electricity that powers the electric motor.

3. Electricity Generation:

The electric motor uses the generated electricity to propel the vehicle. The electric motor works like that of battery electric vehicles.

4. Water Vapor Release:

The only emission from a fuel cell vehicle is water vapor, making it a clean and environmentally friendly option.

5. Regenerative Braking:

Similar to battery electric vehicles, some Fuel cell electric vehicles incorporate regenerative braking, where the electric motor acts as a generator during braking to recover energy and charge the battery if present.

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles are considered environmentally friendly because they produce zero emissions at the tailpipe, and their only byproduct is water vapor. However, challenges include the development of a hydrogen infrastructure for refueling and the energy-intensive process of producing hydrogen.

3. Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle:

A plug-in hybrid vehicle is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines features of both traditional internal combustion engine vehicles and battery electric vehicles. Plug-in hybrid vehicles have the ability to operate on electric power alone for a certain distance and can also use an internal combustion engine for longer journeys. The key feature of a PHEV is its ability to be charged by plugging into an external power source.

Electric vehicles: plug-in Hybrid electric vehicles

Figure 3 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Component of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

1. Electric Motor:

PHEVs are equipped with an electric motor that can propel the vehicle using electricity stored in a battery. The electric motor works in tandem with the internal combustion engine.

2. Battery Pack:

PHEVs have a larger battery pack compared to traditional hybrids, allowing them to store more electrical energy for extended electric-only driving. The battery is typically charged by plugging into an electric power source.

3. Internal Combustion Engine:

PHEVs also have a traditional internal combustion engine, usually powered by gasoline or diesel, which provides additional range when the battery is depleted.

4. Charging Port:

PHEVs are equipped with a charging port that allows the vehicle to be connected to an external power source, such as a standard electrical outlet or a dedicated charging station.

5. Onboard Charger:

The onboard charger converts AC power from the external source into DC power suitable for charging the battery.

6. Power Control Unit (PCU):

The PCU manages the power flow between the electric motor, the battery, and the internal combustion engine, optimizing efficiency and performance.

7. Regenerative Braking:

PHEVs often feature regenerative braking, where the electric motor acts as a generator during braking to convert kinetic energy back into electrical energy, which is then used to charge the battery.

Working Principle of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles:

1.Electric-Only Mode:

In electric-only mode, the PHEV operates using electricity stored in the battery. This mode is suitable for shorter trips and can be used for commuting or driving in urban areas.

2. Hybrid Mode:

When the battery charge is depleted or additional power is needed for high-demand situations, the internal combustion engine kicks in, and the vehicle operates in a hybrid mode. In this mode, both the electric motor and the internal combustion engine work together to provide power to the wheels.

3. Charging:

PHEVs can be charged by plugging into an electric power source. The battery can be charged overnight using a standard electrical outlet or more quickly using a dedicated charging station.

4. Fueling:

For longer trips or when the battery is depleted, PHEVs can be fueled like traditional vehicles at gas stations, using gasoline or diesel.

PHEVs offer a balance between the benefits of electric-only driving and the flexibility of a traditional internal combustion engine, making them a suitable choice for drivers who want to reduce their fuel consumption and emissions without sacrificing the convenience of longer driving ranges.

3. Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle

A Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle (MHEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that incorporates a small electric motor to assist the internal combustion engine. Unlike full hybrid or plug-in hybrid vehicles, MHEVs cannot operate on electric power alone for an extended period; instead, the electric motor provides support to the conventional engine. The primary purpose of the electric motor in MHEVs is to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.

Electric Vehicles: Mild Hybrid electric vehicles

Figure 4 full Hybrid and mild hybrid vehicles

Components of Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle:

1. Electric Motor:

MHEVs have a small electric motor that assists the internal combustion engine during acceleration and other high-demand situations. This motor is generally not powerful enough to propel the vehicle on its own.

2. Battery:

MHEVs feature a small battery, typically with a lower capacity than the batteries in full hybrid or plug-in hybrid vehicles. The battery stores energy captured during braking and deceleration, which is then used to assist the engine.

3. Start-Stop System:

Many MHEVs are equipped with a start-stop system, where the internal combustion engine turns off when the vehicle is stationary, such as at traffic lights. The electric motor helps restart the engine quickly and smoothly when needed.

4. Regenerative Braking System:

MHEVs often employ regenerative braking, similar to full hybrid vehicles. The electric motor acts as a generator during braking, converting kinetic energy into electricity, which is then used to charge the small battery.

5. Power Assistance:

The electric motor provides additional power during acceleration, reducing the load on the internal combustion engine and improving overall fuel efficiency.

Working Principle of MHEVs:

1. Idle Start- Stop:

When the vehicle comes to a stop, the internal combustion engine is automatically turned off to save fuel. The small electric motor helps restart the engine quickly when the driver releases the brake or presses the accelerator.

2. Acceleration Assistance:

During acceleration, the electric motor provides additional power to assist the internal combustion engine, reducing fuel consumption.

3. Regenerative Braking System:

When the driver applies the brakes, the electric motor acts as a generator, capturing energy during deceleration. This energy is used to charge the small battery.

4. Battery Assistance:

The stored electrical energy in the small battery is used to provide additional power to the electric motor during acceleration or other situations where extra power is required.

MHEVs offer fuel efficiency benefits without the need for external charging. They are often positioned as a cost-effective and simpler alternative to full hybrids or plug-in hybrids, providing some of the advantages of electrification without significant changes to the vehicle’s overall design or driving experience.

Alternative Fuel Vehicles: “A Clean And Green Energy”…

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Table of Contents:

  • Introduction
  • Why Alternative Fuel Vehicles
  • Present Scenarios of Alternative Fuel Vehicles In India
  • Factors Driving The Shift To Greener Mobility
  • Affordability & Maintenance
  • Conclusions

Introductions:

Alternative fuel vehicles may be defined as a vehicle that is powered by any fuel other than conventional petroleum fuels (diesel or petrol).The term “alternative fuel,” as defined by the U.S. Department of Energy and the Energy Policy Act of 1992, refers to-:

  • biodiesel,
  • electricity,
  • ethanol,
  • hydrogen,
  • natural gas,
  • propane,
  • and new fuels, still under development

Why Alternative Fuel Vehicles:

  • India is the third-largest user of transport automobiles in the world and 70% of its transport energy need is fulfilled by importing fossil fuels.
  • “The aim is to gradually shift to fuels, which are import substitutes, cost-effective, indigenous and pollution-free.
  • Conventional Fuels are limited and depleting.

The conventional fuel (gasoline) is not renewable and a day will come when our vehicles will be useless with an empty stomach as there will be no fuel to fill in. Therefore, it is necessary to go for an alternative solution.

  • Alternative Fuels are Pollution-free

Alternative fuel vehicles do not emit harmful exhaust gases like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and sulfur dioxide as well as ozone-producing emissions.

  • Protect against global warming

Burning fossil fuels causes a temperature rise in the earth’s atmosphere i.e. global warming.

  • To Save Money

Alternative fuels are less expensive in terms of the cost of fuel and maintenance of the vehicle.

Present Scenarios of Alternative Fuel Vehicles In India:

As per the Economic Times Report, 20% of cars sold in metros run on alternate fuels; sales doubled in the last 3 years.

These vehicles are either running on:

Electricity:

Electric Vehicles : Charging Mode at Charging Port.

or Hybrid :

Electric Vehicle: Hybrid Car

or CNG as Fuel :

Alternative Fuel vehicles : CNG Vehicles

Present Scenarios of Alternative Fuel Vehicles In India:

  • The Economic Times report said that the market share of alternative vehicles increased to reach 12.95 percent in urban centers this year. And this was only 4.68 percent in 2020.
  • Rural areas have also seen a shift on similar lines where the market share for vehicles operating on alternate powertrains rose to 8.39 percent from 3.75 percent during the same period,
  • Certainly, this growing acceptance of hybrid and electric vehicles hit the combined share of diesel and petrol vehicles and has gone down by 8.27 percent in Urban and 4.64 percent in rural markets.

Factors driving the shift to greener mobility:

Government push and rebates to both the manufacturers and the end users, resulted in the car manufacturers launching more electric-powered vehicles, along with the expansion of CNG dispensing stations and growing charging infrastructure for EVs, which are driving the shift away from conventional fossil fuels.

Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid and) Electric Vehicles (FAME) – I and II:

  • FAME, or Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid and) Electric vehicles, is currently India’s flagship scheme for promoting electric mobility
  • In its 2nd phase of implementation, FAME-II is being implemented on 1st April 2019 with a budget allocation of 10,000 Cr.

Central Government Incentives on various Alternative Fuel vehicles:

Sl.No.       Total Approximate IncentivesApproximate size of battery
1.Two Wheeler: Rs 15000/- per kWh up to 40% of the cost of vehiclesTwo Wheeler: 2 kWh
2.Three Wheeler: Rs 10000/- per kWhThree Wheeler: 5 kWh
3.Four Wheeler : Rs 10000/- per kWhThree Wheeler: 15 kWh
4.E Buses: Rs 20000/- per kWhE Buses: 250 kWh
5.E Trucks: Rs 20000/- per kWhE Truck: 250 kWh
  • The government has initiated work on the third phase of the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles in India (FAME-III) financial support scheme, which is likely to encompass alternative fuel vehicles,
  • According to a senior government official, there is a proposal to incorporate vehicles powered by alternative sources such as hydrogen and biofuels along with electric vehicles in the upcoming phase of FAME.  
  • “The objective is to shift away from conventional polluting vehicles, and the incentive for alternative fuels aims to encourage the transition from internal combustion engine (ICE) to cleaner technology,” government officials observed
  • As per the ET report, the Managing director of Tata Motors passenger vehicle and Passenger electric mobility, “Diesel in any case is declining.
  • He added that for us, we are very clear that we have defined our net zero in 2040, which means a very fast acceleration of EVs.”

Affordability & Maintenance of Electric Car:

Running Cost of Tata Tiago Electric Car:

  • Monthly Charging Cost             Rs. 750
  • Daily Charging Cost                   Rs. 25
  • Per KM charging Costs               Rs. 0.5

This cost is calculated based on charging the vehicle at a rate of 6.5/ units of electricity and assuming a daily run of 50 kilometers.

Maintenance of Electric Car:

  • As there is no internal combustion engine and no moving parts, the wear and tear is zero, hence no need to keep regular maintenance like filling mobile oil, coolant, etc.
  • Only periodic Tyre and battery maintenance is required in all-electric vehicles.

Conclusion:

  • Many Indian manufacturers like Maruti and Tata Motors are working towards doubling their EV portfolio and offering different electric vehicles in the next few months.  
  • The share of diesel vehicles has dropped to 15 percent from the peak of 88 percent,
  • The share of electric vehicle sales has risen to 14-15 percent.
  • The EV share is likely to grow further to 25 percent by 2027 and 50 percent by the end of the decade.

10 Reasons : why to Chose an Electric Car

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Electric Cars with no Emissions

Introduction: Electric Car

The number of Electric Car consumers are increasing, and various convincing opinions are there in favor of this revolutionary trend. However, some people hold a negative perception of the electric vehicles and claim that these vehicles are not fit for daily use.

As more Electric car charging stations are being established throughout cities and highways across the world, people’s perceptions are changing and they are looking forward to electric vehicles.

Electric Cars ; Solar Electric car
Electric cars : Happy Family with Electric Car

Source: Image by Senivpetro on Freepik.

The electric cars have numerous benefits over a gasoline powered vehicles.

The following 10 economical and environmental reasons why we should go for an electric vehicle:

1. Safety features of Electric Car:

Electric cars are equipped with many advanced safety features, which ensures that EV owners keep themselves, their belongings, and others on the road to be safe.

As per the report from the Institute for Highway Safety, the electric vehicle injury claims are substantially less than the gas vehicles.

Electric Cars are generally come with the following safety features:

  • Adaptive Cruise Control in Electric Car:

The adaptive cruise control system monitors the objects in front of the vehicle using the sensors or cameras. If your vehicle is just about to rear end of someone, the adaptive cruise control technology will instantly engage your brakes to prevent a collision.

  • Automatic High Beam Deactivation in Electric Car:

This is a camera based system that deactivates the high beams when detects a close distance between two vehicles.

  • Forward Collision Warning(FCW)System in Electric Car:

The forward collision warning system uses sensors to identify a potential accident when your vehicle approaches a vehicle or other things ahead. The FCW system informs you when you are going too fast and recommend you to slow down to avoid an accident.

  • Lane Departing Warning(LDW)System:

This system is a camera-based technology that senses and detects whether the driver is about to drift out of their lane using onboard camera.

  • Lane Keeping Assistance:

The lane keeping assistance pushes the vehicle back into its lane when a driver fails to respond the lane-departure warning.

  • Blind Spot Monitoring:

This monitors traffic in the adjoining lanes and indicates if a vehicle approaches from either side.

  • Surround View Camera:

The facility supports in parking by providing the driver with 360- degree picture of the vehicle and its surroundings

2. Instant Torque and Acceleration of Electric Car:

The twisting force, torque is the important features, which makes electric vehicles different from the fuel-powered vehicles or gasoline vehicles. The electric motor’s allows instantly moving away when you press the pedal in a hybrid or electric vehicles.

The major difference between electric and gas powered vehicle is that the electric vehicles does not need any transmission system. In electric vehicles, by pressing the acceleration pedal, the car’s motor immediately sends power to the wheels and develops an instant torque and the acceleration.

In gasoline-powered vehicles, the engine power can be delivered to the wheels after an operation of multi-gear downshift. And in case of electric vehicles, only a simple connection to the battery is required to power the wheels.

Electric Cars : Features

Source: Image by Fanjianhua on Freepik.

3. Silent and comfortable Features in Electric Car:

In electric vehicles, as there is no engine and very few moving parts, the noise is negligible. Thus, the silence and the comfort is the two basic things that people look for in their car, and gets in an electric vehicles.

The electric vehicles are equipped with all the modern features like air-conditioning, heating and other amenities, which provides all comforts to the passengers.

4. Less Maintenance:

As there is no engine and transmission system and very few moving parts in electric vehicles, there is no friction and hence no wear & tear. No need to do periodic maintenance of changing mobile oil, coolant, brake oil, gear oil etc. Only battery charging is required and a periodic rotation of tires is necessary.

5. Cheaper in fuel:

The initial purchase cost of an electric vehicle is little higher than the gasoline powered vehicles. However, the after purchase maintenance and fuel cost is lesser than the conventional gasoline powered vehicles. There is no need to fuel electric vehicles as it runs on battery-powered electric motors.

The battery can be charged free of cost or with minimal charge on public charging stations.Even you can charge your car at your home itself.

Electric Cars : Cheaper in Fuel, only battery charging is required.

Source: Image by Freepik

6. Buyers’ Incentives:

There are government incentives and tax rebate available on the purchase of the electric vehicles. To promote the electric vehicles, make a clean and green environment the consumers are motivated with many incentives to go for the pollution free transport facilities.

There are number of financial measures designed to incentivize consumers for purchasing the electric vehicles by the European Union.

7. Tax Cuts:

To encourage the electric vehicles sales, government has implemented a plan to increase the tax burden on conventional gasoline powered vehicles with greater emission and give relaxation in tax to those vehicles like electric and hybrid vehicles with lower emissions.

Norway is the best example of the highest attention of electric vehicle sales in the world. Here the new car buyers save 25% on an electric vehicle purchase since from starting as because of exemption in VAT.

In Germany, also the electric vehicles are free from vehicle tax for up to 10years.        

The United States also give tax relaxation for purchasing electric vehicles. Even, the national federal taxes based on fuel usage, including the gas tax and car registration costs are exempted.

Electric Cars Tax Rebate

Source: Image by rawpixel.com on Freepik

8. Less Depreciation Value:

It is important to think about the depreciation value and the rate of depreciation while purchasing your vehicle. However, it depends on many variables including kind, model, age and condition of the vehicles.

As per the scientific studies, the value of electric vehicle is more stable than that of the conventional gasoline vehicles. An analysis by Autolist shows that the Tesla model S has more retention value than its gas powered competitors like Audi A8. Mercedes S-class and BMW 7 Series.

9. Zero Emission:

Electric vehicles are better for planet. The electric vehicles have no emission, as there is no tail pipe.

In EVs, there is no combustion as in internal combustion engine vehicles. A gasoline-powered vehicle emits various harmful pollutants like carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, ozone and particulate matters. These pollutants affects badly to human health and the climate.

However, the electricity used to power the electric vehicles comes from the coal power stations, it is still the electric vehicles emit less global warming pollution than the conventional gasoline vehicles.

Again, for no impact on world’s carbon footprint, the solar powered electric vehicles are good for zero emission. Because there is no pollution or waste involved in the process of powering your vehicle, this is the most environmentally responsible way to drive a car.

10. Unlimited Access to City Centers:

Many polluting vehicles are restricted in city centers of major European cities. However, the electric cars have unlimited access to city centers and low emission zones.

Many cities like Paris, Barcelona, Madrid and London have their own vehicle entry regulations. And these cities have low-emission zones to reduce the air pollution by barring certain types of vehicles from entering specific areas at all times or on specific days of the week.

In Paris, for example, you can only drive your car into the city center if it is electric or has been adapted for disabled people.

In London, there are different rules depending on how old your car is; newer cars can enter the center without issue, but older vehicles may be required to pay a fee.

Electric Cars easy parking access

Source: Image by Freepik

11. Conclusion:

Now it is very important than ever to take an action to protect the environment. There are various ways to protect and make your environment clean and green and pollution free. It is our responsibility to give a better atmosphere and safe life for our coming generation.

One of the various ways is to switch for alternative fuel vehicles and the electric cars are the best option. The electric cars does not demand to sacrifices your comfort or safety. Nowadays the electric vehicles are widely demanded and opted by the drivers who are looking for the new technologies and even don’t think to pay little extra for getting high technology cars with all comforts and environmental friendly.

The whole world is changing rapidly and opting the new generation technology in every fields and we too need to change with the upcoming generation and the technologies. There are enormous benefits of opting the new generation electric cars. It is not only beneficial for a person or for his/ her family but for the whole planet.  

Ultimately, the choice is yours, if you think to do something for the climate change and want to make a bright and clean future for our next generation; you should go for the alternative fuels and the electric cars.

10 of the cheapest electric vehicles you can buy today

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Zero Emission Cars: Electric vEhicles

Introduction:

Now you too can buy electric vehicles. It’s now myth that the electric cars are only for the very rich people. Think once again.

In February,2023, the average U.S non-luxury cars including both gas and electric were retailed for about $44,700. Even though there are at least 10 electric cars that cost less than that price and even three electric cars are under $30,000.

The Federal, state and local rebates and incentives can also help to reduce thousands of dollars in electric vehicles buying price.

Even the leasing of an electric vehicle can make you eligible for a greater federal tax rebate than buying that EV.

Here are the 10 cheapest electric vehicles to buy in your budget:

  1. Chevrolet Bolt:
Electric Vehicles : Chevrolet Bolt
  • Price: $27495
  • Federal Tax Benefit: $7500 Fedral Tax Credit
  • Estimated Rang: 259 Miles
  • Fun to Drive with great range.

2. Chevrolet Bolt EUV:

Electric Vehicles : Chevrolet Bolt EUV
  • Price: $28795
  • Seating Capacity: For Five
  • Federal Tax Benefit: $7500 fedral Tax Credit
  • Estimated Rang: 247 Miles
  • Larger version of GM’s original Chevy Bolt.

3. Nissan Leaf S:

Electric Vehicles. : Nissan Leaf S
  • Price: $29135
  • Estimated Rang: 149 Miles
  • Leaf S is a great option for those who drives shorter distances and charge primarily at home.

4. Mini Electric Hard Top:

Electric Vehicles : Mini Electric Hard Top
  • Price: $31895
  • Estimated Rang: 114 Miles
  • A Zippy import, the Mini Electric gets agile handling and quick acceleration.

5. Hyundai Kona Electric:

Electric Vehicles : Hyundai Kona Electric
  • Price: $34885
  • Estimated Rang: 258 Miles
  • One of the best electric vehicle under $50,000

6. Nissan Leaf SV Plus:

Electric Vehicles : Nissan Leaf SV Plus
  • Price: $37135
  • Estimated Rang: 212 Miles
  • Second generation Leaf gets high marks for safety and its practicality from the consumers.

7. Volkswagen ID.4 Standard:

Electric Vehicles : Volkswagen ID.4 standard
  • Price: $40290
  • Estimated Rang: 209 Miles
  • Offers Ample cargo space and three years of electrify charging at America’s fast charging Network.

8. Kia Niro EV Wind:

Electric Vehicles : kia Niro EV wind
  • Price: $40875
  • Estimated Rang: 253 Miles
  • Comes with driver assistance and wireless smartphone charger.

9. Hyundai Ioniq 5:

Electric Vehicles : Hyundai Ioniq 5
  • Price: $44235
  • Estimated Rang: 220 Miles
  • Compelling choice for anyone moving first swing towards Electric vehicles.

10. Nissan Ariya:

Electric Vehicles. : Nissan Ariya
  • Price: $44525
  • Estimated Rang: 216 Miles
  • Nissan Ariya is a Crossover SUV, comes with important safety features like blind spot monitoring and automatic braking.

Conclusion:

There are various automakers and new upcoming startups in the field of electric and hybrid vehicles manufacturing are coming to the market and new inventions are creating more opportunities for the players. This definitely creates more possibilities to reduce the manufacturing cost and then the selling price.

Even the tax incentives and government rebates are the key point of discussion for the price relaxation in all electric vehicles.

So the average and common people should rethink before purchasing their new car and can think of any budget Electric Vehicles.

Electric Vehicles Sales:Crossed 7 % in the first half of 2023.

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Introduction:

In the U.S., Electric Vehicles are smashing all categories of records.

The market share of new electric cars surpassed 7% for the first half of the year 2023 , moving past a critical tipping point for mass acceptance. In the last few months, all-time sales capped 3 million.

Electric Vehicles sales crossed 7% :Tesla vehicles in a parking lot after arriving at a port. (Toru Hanai/Bloomberg News)

Electric Vehicles Market Growth Analysis:

However, perhaps the most remarkable of all is the accomplishment of a record-hot pace of almost one (01) million new Electric Vehicles per year. According to an analysis of Bloomberg Green, in the last 12 months through June, Americans bought 977,445 cars that run solely on electricity.

In the U.S., it took approx. 10 years to sell its first million fully electric vehicles, two years to reach the second million, and just over a year to reach the third. By the time the up-to-date quarter’s records are checked up over the next month and is supposed that the country should be well on its way to a fourth million EVs.

Fully Electric vehicles surge to 3 Million in U.S :The pace of adoption continues to accelerate.

A 12-month rolling sales of electric vehicles is another way to look at the yearly pace of EV purchases, which reveals unexpected progress. For this attitude, each new calendar quarter displays the year of EV purchases leading up to that point. It smooths out periodic variations that can disguise longer-term trends.

During the period during the start of the pandemic, the only time 12-month Electric vehicle sales declined was during a brief stretch beginning in the third quarter of 2019. That is when Tesla for the time being exported a substantial share of its American-made Model 3 inventory to kick off overseas sales.

Are electric vehicles ready to branch out in the US? Chart shows the cumulative market share of fully electric vehicles (BEV)

The story of U.S. electric vehicle acceptance has so far been the tale of two leading actors: the state of California and Tesla Inc. The crucial EV tipping point of 5% of new car sales among the first top 10 worldwide auto market was reached only by California. Tesla recently removed Toyota as the top-selling vehicle brand, electric or otherwise, in the state

Conclusion:

Markets need to branch out for Electric Vehicles to become truly mainstream across the U.S., and for the Detroit auto industry to continue the changeover. Geographically, this happens with California losing some of its U.S. EV shares to states like Texas, Florida, Washington, and New Jersey. Tesla, however, is still very much in the driver’s seat, responsible for 61% of EVs ever sold in the US.

The analyst Corey Cantor of Bloomberg looked at a similar 01 million electric vehicles milestone that included plug-in hybrids. As per the result of the analysis, if you include all cars that come with a plug, he found, that Americans are already buying a million EVs every nine months.

Factors That Governs The Indian Electric Vehicles Market On Boom.

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Zero Emission Cars: Electric vEhicles

Introduction:

India is the fastest-growing and one of the world’s largest auto marketplaces and has a big population with millions of electric vehicle owners. There is a significant impact of environmental consciousness for the transition from gasoline-powered vehicles to electric vehicles throughout the globe and India is leading in the adoption of green fuel energy sources and electrical vehicles.

As per the IEA report, more than 90% of India’s 2.3 million electric vehicles are cheaper and are two & three-wheelers, motorbikes, and E-Rickshaws.

Analysts say that because of last decay’s enormous rise in fuel and consumers’ awareness of cost benefits, the government has announced a $1.3 billion federal plan to encourage electric vehicle manufacturing and to provide rebates for customers.

Zero Emissions :Electric Vehicles.

Have a look at how the government incentives and cost-conscious customers have given a boost to an electric vehicle boom in India:

1. Government Incentives for Electric Vehicles:

  • Policy Framework:

In the year 2015, the government of India has launched FAME (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric (& Hybrid) Vehicles scheme. This scheme is to provide incentives for the purchase and usage of electric and hybrid vehicles.

  • Tax Incentives:

The Indian government has reduced the GST (Goods & services Tax) on electric vehicles as lowered as 5% only whereas the same on gasoline-powered vehicle is 28%.

  • Charging Infrastructure:

The Indian government is very much focused on creating a robust infrastructure of Electric Vehicles charging systems. The plan is to set up electric vehicles charging stations on highways and within the cities at a regular interval.

  • State Incentives:

All the states of India have their own policies of electric vehicle and they are offering some additional incentives, subsidies, and extra waivers to both the manufacturers and the consumers. For manufacturers, the state government provides land and electricity at subsidized rates, and for consumers, they may provide rebates in road taxes and rebates in the registration fee of the electric vehicles.

  • Promotion of Local Manufacturing:

The government has introduced the ‘Make in India’ initiative to support and boost local manufacturing. The goal is to make India a global hub for electric vehicle manufacturing in view of creating jobs for local people and also to reduce production costs.

2. Cost- Conscious Customers:

  • Lower Total Cost of Ownership:

However, the initial cost of purchasing the electric vehicles are comparatively high, but the total cost of ownership i.e. the cost of fuel, maintenance and other costing for the lifetime of the vehicles are comparatively lower in electric vehicles.

  • Economies of Scale:

The demand of electric vehicles are increasing day by day and subsequently it results the more production of the electric vehicles. This brings down the low cost of the manufacturing and resulting the lower market price of the electric vehicles.

  • Increase in More affordable Models:

During the initial stages of manufacturing the electric vehicles, the most available models were only in the premium segments. However, with the increase in demand of the electric vehicles and because of local manufacturing, more affordable models are coming in the market and it is more convenient to select and opt for the customers.

  • Environmental Awareness:

Swatch Bharat and Clean & Green Movement for pollution-free atmosphere is the major concern of everywhere. The increase in awareness among the consumers about the environment leads to electric vehicles.

  • Enormous Rise in fuel cost:

The consistent rise in fuel cost i.e. increasing cost of petrol and diesel in the major reason to shift towards alternative fuel and the electric vehicles.

Conclusion:

The collaboration of government policies along with the essential financial and environmental benefits of electric vehicles has created a rapid adoption of electric vehicles in India and even throughout the globe.

If the present trends continues and innovations & the technologies advances then India will definitely see a major transformation in the transportation sector and the automobile market.

How Much does an electric vehicles cost? The Pricing factors and energy costs?

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Introduction:

The price range of electric vehicles depends on the battery size of the vehicle, the ability of the motors to power the vehicle and increase the range, the charging capability of the vehicle, and other additional features like infotainment or interior and exterior features.

The major factors that can affect the overall costs of owing an Electric Vehicles are:

1. Cost of Electric Vehicles Compared to Gas-Powered Vehicles.

Electric vehicles generally come with a higher price tag than gas-powered vehicles as per your choice of the make and model you want to drive.

However, few small and compact electric vehicles with acceptable range for city driving or small travels usually retail for a lower label price than many gas-powered SUVs or mid-size sedans.

Electric vehicles require less maintenance and no cost of periodic oil changes after every three to five thousand miles as required for gasoline-powered vehicles. However, the electric parts are more expensive to repair or replace in case of wear and tear and accidental damages, though the life of lithium-ion batteries is generally around 10 years. The wheel tires of an electric vehicle are of the same life as those of gas-powered vehicles.

Because of a unique structure and higher cost of repairs of an electric vehicle, the insurance premium cost is greater as compared to the gasoline- powered vehicles.

Electric Vehicles Electric Cars with the Longest Driving Range

2.Costs of Powering an Electric Vehicles:

What makes Electric Vehicles so appealing to drivers beyond the eco-accommodating emanations is the capacity to control a vehicle exclusively on electric battery power. Electric vehicles run on the energy produced by an electric engine, which is estimated in kilowatts. Higher kilowatt yields equivalent to more ability to speed up and support the EV.

Like the idea of a gas-powered motor, the more power you feed your vehicle, the more speed and taking care of you get from the vehicle. Rather than searching for an all-the-more impressive motor filled by gas, EVs convey power in light of the vehicle’s battery limit in kilowatt-hours (kWh), which lets you know how much energy a vehicle stores in the battery pack.

3. Basic Charging Costs:

The expense of charging your EV in light of kilowatt-hours will likewise affect the general cost of an electric vehicle. The most costly charge comes from public quick charging stations, however assuming that you plan out your charging timetable to routinely re-energize at your home, you’ll bring about insignificant energy costs.

You can find out about the genuine expense of running an EV in light of the amount it expenses to re-energize the battery. For instance, utilizing a normal 120-volt power source (a similar one you’d use to connect your toaster oven) takes a normal of 40-50 hours to completely charge an electric battery at the most minimal power level. With the typical expense of power at 15 pennies for every kWh, you’re still just paying $7.50 max to charge your vehicle.

Most EVs offer a level 2 charging connector you can equip for your home. These regularly run 240 volts, diverting seriously charging capacity to the battery. Level 2 charges top off your battery power in a normal of 4-10 hours, bringing your costs down to $1.50 or less. Kilowatt-hour rates differ broadly by state, yet utilizing the public typically assists you with computing a good guess of how driving an EV puts on your electric tab.

4. Costs for Fast Charges:

As an EV driver, you are probably spending significantly less to control up as opposed to filling your vehicle. Yet, maneuvering into a quick charging station builds your energy costs.

That is because the advantageous quick charge costs more each kilowatt-hour, frequently twofold or more than the normal cost you would pay at home. For instance, EVgo, from one side of the country to the other, quick charging station, charges non-individuals 34 pennies for each kWh or 29 pennies for fundamental-level individuals in addition to expenses.

To try not to pay something else for a battery re-energize, plan to control up for the time being, saving quick charges for times when it is very important, like startling traffic or during a long excursion.

5. Conclusion:

The electric vehicles are the future of the road conveyance and transportation system. These alternative fuel vehicles are the demand of next generation for a sustainable growth and clean & green environment. Thus people should be come forward to think and adopt the new era vehicles and the electric vehicles are the best option in this way.

The electric vehicles are a little costlier as compared to the gas-powered vehicles but with the innovations and the upcoming developments, the EVs will be more compatible and cheaper with many government incentives and rebates, which are already offered in many states and countries.

The first Electric Vehicles made by every major carmaker.

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  • Below is the list for all the Top automaker’s first electric vehicles :

Cadillac Lyriq Electric Vehicles:

Even though Cadillac does not now have any Electric Vehicles in production, in five years they will probably make up half of the lineup for the GM luxury brand.

The Lyriq, which was scheduled to go on sale in 2022. GM will use the BEV3 platform, which will also be used for upcoming Cadillacs, Buicks, and Chevrolets, for the first time in this car.

Chevrolet S-10 Electric Vehicles:

The S-10 EV was derived from the second-generation Chevrolet S-10 pickup truck.

To some extent predating a similar variety of the Ford Ranger, the S-10 EV had front wheels driving electric motors. It was introduced for the EV models of 1997, again little updated for 1998, and then obsolete after very few models had been sold.

Citroen AX Electrique, Electric Vehicles:

In December 1993, Citroen AX Electrique come into production, after experimenting with electric vehicle versions of the Visa-based C15 and larger C25 panel vans.

Moreover, just after producing only 374 vehicles, production ended in 1996. The next model Saxo replaced the car from the market. Citroen also introduced the Berlingo Electrique van in 1997.

Dacia Spring Electric Vehicles:

Renault subsidiary Dacia’s first Electric Vehicle was the spring, introduced in 2021. It is a small hatchback car like the Renault KWID budget car and the electric Renault City K-ZE.

While most Dacia’s are mass-produced in Romania, the Spring is built in China, like the City K-ZE. Currently, it is not on sale in the UK.

Fiat Panda Elettra:

To produce an electric version of the first-generation panda, Fiat collaborated with the Austrian company Steyr-Puch.  As this was designed mainly for urban use, its top speed was only 43mph.

The Panda Elettra was manufactured from 1990 to 1998. From 1992 to 1996, Fiat sold Cinquecento Elettra  in commitment to electric vehicle display.

Ford Ranger EV:

Similar to the Chevrolet S-10, the Ford Ranger electric vehicle was a pickup truck. And the basic difference between the two was that Ford’s electric motor and driven wheels were at the rear rather than the front.

In the year 1998, Ford started the production of the Ranger EV and produces around 1500 electric vehicles until 2001.

General Motors EV1:

The first electric vehicle designed and manufactured by General Motors was EV1. This electric vehicle was produced from 1996 to 1999 and was offered to customers on a lease basis only. 

Latter all the vehicles were recalled and scrapped.

Honda EV Plus:

In 1998, Honda started very serious research to produce its electric vehicles, and after research for nine years, the EV Plus was launched. The EV Plus was a small hatchback car with a top speed of around 80mph.

Honda stopped its production in 1999, after producing around 300 vehicles, and introduced its first generation petrol-electric hybrid insight.

Hummer EV Pickup:

The first electric vehicle by Hummer will be the Hummer EV Pickup with a maximum power output of 1000bhp. Hummer has re-established as a sub-brand within GMC, and there is no plan ever again to build anything with internal combustion engines.

Hyundai BlueOn:

In the year 2009, at the Frankfurt show, the electrified version of the Hyundai i10 city car, BlueOn was revealed.

Hyundai’s first electric model was never sold to the public and was only supplied to several South Korean government agencies.

Jaguar I-Pace:

Jaguar’s first, and so far only, electric vehicle, is I-PACE. However, in 2021, Jaguar assured and gave a commitment in public to making nothing but Electric Vehicles from 2025. The I-PACE is a high-performance electric crossover and won the two most prestigious awards, the 2019 World and European Car of the Year awards.

Kia Soul EV:

In the year 2014, Kia produced a compact crossover with the name Kia Soul EV. Moreover, the second-generation version came to public in the year 2018, in the Los Angeles Show.

This Korean company has also transformed the larger Niro into an electric vehicle. In the year 2021, its first model EV6 was designed to be the purely electric version.

Mercedes Electrique:

In the year 1906, Mercedes introduced its first battery-powered electric vehicle Mercedes Electrique and the hybrid Mixte. There were several forms of Electrique including a passenger car for Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria and a truck for the Berlin fire brigade.

MINI E:

In the year 2009, the MINI E was developed and produced as the MINI hatchback. A very extensive field-testing campaign was conducted in US, UK and Germany in the first phase and later in the next phase, the testing was conducted in France, Japan, and China.

However, the first MINI Electric available for the public was MINI Electric and MINI Cooper SE.

Nissan Tama:

Nissan Tama was the first electric vehicle launched in 1947 by the Tokyo Electro Automobile Company. This vehicle was considerably smaller than today’s Nissan Micra, and the top speed of Tama was 22mph with a range of 40 miles.

Later on, Tokyo Electro Automobile company became Prince and was then merged with Nissan in 1966.

Opel Elektro GT:

The Opel Elektro GT sports car was the first off-version electric car from Opel. This EV was giving an output power of 160bhp developed by two electric motors. This was a modified version with aerodynamic improvements, low-resistance tyres and stronger suspension springs. As due to onboard batteries, the car becomes 1700 kg in weight, which was approximately two standard GTs, so a heavy and stronger suspension spring system was very necessary.

In May 1971, the Elektro GT set a total number of six world records for the speed of electric cars over two days at Hockenheim.

Peugeot VLV:

The Peugeot VLV was a light-town electric vehicle. It was a two-seater car and was introduced during the Second World War. The production of Peugeot VLV was started in June 141 at Paris and ended in February 1943 just after producing 373 units only.

Polestar 2:

Polestar was a racing car under the racing team Cyan Racing and was developed under Volvo production cars.The first Volvo electric car was a petrol electric hybrid car and was launched in the year 2017.

Its second version all electric vehicle polestar 2 was launched in 2020 and was build in China.

The coming version Polestar 3 electric SUV will be manufactured in south Carolina, USA.

Porsche P1:

Porche’s first electric vehicle was launched in 1898 with the name Egger-Lohner electric vehicle, C.2 Phantom model. After many decades, in 2014, it was again recovered and placed in Porsche Museum.

Renault Celtaquatre:

Until the year 2011, Renault never manufactured electric vehicles for public, but from 1937, there is a history for Renault as an Electric vehicle manufacturer.

During an event of world fair Renault built 35 taxis on the chassis of its 1.4 litre petrol engine Celtaquatre family car by replacing the petrol engine through electric motors.

Skoda EV truck:

In the year 1930, Skoda manufactured its first electric vehicle an electric truck. The truck had a cargo load of up to 03(Three) tonnes and an aerodynamic front.

In 1990s, skoda manufactured its first battery powered passenger electric car named Eletra151.

Smart fortwo ed:

In the year 2007, the subsidiary of Daimler created its first EV. A total number of 100 vehicles were made available for field testing in London and were used by the Metropolitan Police.

Tesla Roadster:

Tesla is the manufacturer sole electric cars, they never built any other cars. Roadster was the Tesla’s debut model manufactured from 2008 to 2012 and this was based on the series 2Lotus Elise.

Toyota RAV4 EV:

Toyota is more concentrated on hybrids and hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles rather than battery electric cars. However, Toyota produces electrified versions of its first and second-generation RAV4 SUV. From 1997 to 2002, a total number of 1484 units were sold or leased in the US.

Vauxhall Ampera:

The Ampera was rebadged of the first generation Chevrolet Volt. This version was also sold in continental Europe with the name Opel Ampera.

Volkswagen Elektro-Transporter:

In the year 1972, Volkswagen manufactured and launched its second-generation Transporter with the name Electro Bus or Elektro-Transporter.

The top speed of this vehicle was 43 mph and was able to achieve this in 30 seconds.

The range of this vehicle was only 25 miles, and over a period of years it manufactured 120 units.

Volvo C30 Electric:

Volvo C30 Electric Vehicles

In a press release of 2020, Volvo described its first electric vehicle namely XC40Recharge Pure Electric. This variant was the improved version of the C30 hatchback Electric.

The C30 electric was in the market from 2011 to 2013.

Conclusion:

The fossil fuel is depleting gradually and also the use of these fuel in a huge amount is a threat for the environment. The increasing number of vehicles globally is releasing large amount of toxic gasses in the environment and this is one of the major cause of global warming.

In this view every automakers are working to develop an alternative fuel vehicles. In this regard the major automakers had already done many researches and even produced many good results. Almost every major vehicle manufacturers have produced their electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles. some has given a very good result and their vehicles are already running on the road.

“New Generation Electric Vehicles Will Get A Total $15,000 Off on Their Price.”

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If price was the only thing stopping you from buying an electric vehicles this summer, it is time to look again. With smart planning, you can even get the government to pay for part of it with EV tax credits.

Federal EV tax credits are just one factor driving a buying boom this summer. Some cars and trucks also qualify for a state rebate or tax credit. Together, those incentives could cut as much as $15,000 off the price of a new EV. And falling prices and a surge in new models of electric vehicles combine to make this big-ticket purchase less of a splurge.

Adding to the good news, General Motors (GM) just announced in its second-quarter earnings report that it has decided to reverse an earlier decision to end production of the very popular Bolt EV and EUV. GM CEO Mary Barra said GM would reintroduce a new Bolt EV soon, powered by Ultium battery technology.  The Bolt has always been one of the most affordable EVs. The Bolt’s MSRP was cut this year to as low as $27,495.

This confluence of financial carrots is why analysts expect record demand for EVs this summer. That will help EVs crack the key level of 10% of all new auto and truck sales in the U.S. later this year.

But do you know how to maximize your electric cars or Electric Vehicles tax credits?

Summer Boom in Electric cars Sales

Electric car sales in the U.S. are already strong. The U.S. ranks third globally in EV sales, after the China EV market and Europe. The U.S. market climbed 55% in 2022, reaching a sales share of 8%, according to the latest Global EV Outlook from the International Energy Agency.

This summer’s popularity of EVs is forceful enough to shift the entire economy. Changes ahead for the global auto industry have major implications for the energy sector, the IEA says. And the electrification trend could reduce the need for 5 million barrels of oil a day by 2030.

IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol said, “Electric vehicles are one of the driving forces in the new global energy economy that is rapidly emerging, and they are bringing about a historic transformation of the car manufacturing industry worldwide.”

EV prices are falling so fast, they’re no longer just a luxury. Kelley Blue Book said last month that the average U.S. price of an electric vehicle in May was $55,488, down from almost $65,000 a year ago. Sales are increasing as prices decline, with May up 4% over April. “April’s downward movement of EV average transaction prices reflects EV automakers, particularly Ford (F) and Tesla (TSLA), seeking a balance between pricing and profitability,” said Michelle Krebs, executive analyst at Cox Automotive.

Electric Vehicles Prices, Tax Credits Power the Switch:

However, lower sticker prices only tell part of the story. U.S. car buyers enjoy other solid incentives to switch to an electric vehicle. They include a federal income tax credit of up to $7,500 for some new EVs. In addition, do not forget added rebates and other benefits from state and local utilities. 

While this nest of incentives sounds complicated — and it is — it is also worth thousands of dollars in savings. It is worthwhile to check out eligibility and available perks when shopping for an EV.

Promoting clean energy use was just one facet of 2022’s Inflation Reduction Act. The IRA extended federal EV tax credits for another decade and included eligibility for used EVs. However, it also added complex restrictions such as a price cap, income limitations and final assembly rules.

If you took delivery of a new clean vehicle on or after April 18, 2023, it must meet critical mineral and battery component requirements to qualify for the credit.

If drivers have been reluctant to buy an EV because of high prices, another break is coming. Starting in 2024, taxpayers can transfer the EV tax credit to the dealer at the time of purchase. That will lower the price of the vehicle by the qualifying credit amount.

Who Qualifies For the EV Tax Credit:

You may qualify for an EV tax credit of up to $7,500, according to the IRS, if you buy a new, qualified plug-in EV or fuel cell electric vehicle. The credit is available to individuals and their businesses. To qualify, you must buy it for your own use, not for resale, and use it primarily in the U.S. In addition, your modified adjusted gross income (AGI) may not exceed $300,000 for married couples filing jointly or $225,000 for heads of households. The AGI limit is $150,000 for all other filers.

You can use your modified AGI from the year you take delivery of the vehicle or the year before, whichever is less. As long as your modified AGI is below the threshold in one of the two years, you can claim the credit. The credit is nonrefundable, so you cannot get back more on the credit than you owe in taxes. Moreover, you cannot apply any excess credit to future tax years.

Vehicles placed in service April 18, 2023, and after must meet all of the criteria listed above. And they must meet new requirements for critical mineral and battery components for the buyer to get an EV tax credit of up to:

  • $3,750 if the vehicle meets the critical minerals requirement only.
  • $3,750 if the vehicle meets the battery components requirement only.
  • $7,500 if the vehicle meets both.

Which New Electric Vehicles Qualify For EV Tax Credits:

#However, that is not all. To qualify, a new vehicle must:

  • Have a battery capacity of at least 7 kilowatt-hours.
  • Have a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 14,000 pounds.
  • Be made by a qualified manufacturer.
  • Undergo final assembly in North America.
  • Meet critical mineral and battery component requirements (as of April 18, 2023).

#The sale qualifies for the tax credit only if:

  • The seller reports required information to you at the time of sale.
  • The seller reports your name and taxpayer identification number to the IRS. 

In addition, the vehicle’s manufacturer suggested retail price (MSRP) cannot exceed: 

  • $80,000 for vans, sport utility vehicles and pickup trucks.
  • $55,000 for other vehicles.

MSRP is the retail price of the automobile suggested by the manufacturer, including manufacturer-installed options, accessories and trim but excluding destination fees. It is not necessarily the price you pay. 

You can find your vehicle’s weight, battery capacity, final assembly location (listed as “final assembly point”) and VIN on the vehicle’s window sticker.

#Used EVs Can also Qualify,

While these rules apply to EV credits for new electric vehicles, Congress threw in another carrot. If you buy a qualified used EV or fuel cell vehicle from a licensed dealer for $25,000 or less, you may be eligible for a used EV tax credit. The credit equals 30% of the sale price up to a maximum credit of $4,000. The credit is nonrefundable, so you cannot get back more on the credit than you owe in taxes. You cannot apply any excess credit to future tax years.

The EV Lease Loophole:

Last year’s IRA placed some new and significant limits on which vehicles qualify for the EV tax credits. The EV has to be built in the U.S., Canada, or Mexico; the battery cells must use minerals from a specific list of countries; and the cells and packs have to be made in the U.S. However, buyers can get federal tax credits for models not on the list allowed by the Inflation Reduction Act if they lease them.

In the IRA, Congress exempted commercial vehicles from the restrictions. While “commercial” is a term usually applied to vehicles like heavy-duty trucks, the Treasury Department defines leased EVs as “commercial” vehicles. Any leased vehicle may qualify for the tax credit because the North American battery-content and manufacturing rules do not apply to commercial vehicles.

When a dealer buys a vehicle and then leases it to a driver, the Treasury says that is a commercial transaction because the driver does not take title. This means the dealer or the finance company holding the lease receives the tax credit. Industry representatives and carmakers say the EV tax credit will help lower the price of leases and increase incentive programs. According to Edmunds, leases reached 34% of total EV sales in March, up from just 18% in March 2022.

“A number of lenders … have offered lease incentive programs. Everyone I have seen has offered it at the full amount,” Andy Koblenz, executive vice president for legal and regulatory affairs at the National Automobile Dealers Association, said at a Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago webinar on EV tax credits. “We’re starting to see it in the marketplace already.” Incentive programs may increase as leasing “will be an attractive way to help get the EVs into the market.” 

State EV Tax Credits and Electric Vehicle Rebates:

Some states offer credits or rebates on EV purchases or leases, while utility companies may offer breaks on home charger installations.

Colorado, for example, offers EV tax credits ranging from $2,000 to $8,000 on EV purchases. California’s Clean Vehicle Rebate Project provides rebates from $1,000 to $7,500 for the purchase or lease of new, eligible zero-emission vehicles.

Oregon’s Clean Vehicle Rebate Program is not a tax credit but rather a cash rebate of up to $7,500 on any qualifying purchase or lease. Oregon’s generous rebate program is so popular — it’s handed out $70 million in the past five years — that it is almost out of money and was paused this year. Lawmakers and nonprofits in the state are working to replenish the program’s funding. The Department of Energy’s Alternative Fuels Data Center provides updated state-by-state information on rebates and incentives. 

Get Your Federal EV Tax Credit:

If your head is spinning from all the rules but you want to maximize your EV tax credit, Investor’s Business Daily did the work for you. The table below includes all 24 vehicles that qualify for the full $7,500 credit when placed into service on or after April 18, 2023.

It also shows an additional 10 vehicles that qualify for a credit of $3,750. See all the details for various levels of EV tax credits at fueleconomy.gov.

Cars and Trucks That Qualify For The EV Tax Credit:

MakeModelYearVehicle TypeCredit AmountMSRP LimitAssembled in N. America
BMW
X5 xDrive50e2024PHEV$3,750$80,000Yes
Cadillac
LYRIQ2023-2024EV$7,500$80,000Yes
Chevrolet
Blazer2024EV$7,500$80,000Yes
Bolt2022-2023EV$7,500$55,000Yes
Bolt EUV2022-2023EV$7,500$55,000Yes
Equinox2024EV$7,500$80,000Yes
Silverado2024EV$7,500$80,000Yes
Chrysler
Pacifica PHEV2022-2023PHEV$7,500$80,000Yes
Ford
E-Transit2022-2023EV$3,750$80,000Yes
Escape Plug-in Hybrid2022-2023PHEV$3,750$80,000Yes
F-150 Lightning (Extended Range Battery)2022-2023EV$7,500$80,000Yes
F-150 Lightning (Standard Range Battery)2022-2023EV$7,500$80,000Yes
Mustang Mach-E (Extended Range Battery)2022-2023EV$3,750$80,000Yes
Mustang Mach-E (Standard Range Battery)2022-2023EV$3,750$80,000Yes
Jeep
Grand Cherokee PHEV 4xe2022-2023PHEV$3,750$80,000Yes
Wrangler PHEV 4xe2022-2023PHEV$3,750$80,000Yes
Lincoln
Aviator Grand Touring2022-2023PHEV$7,500$80,000Yes
Corsair Grand Touring2022-2023PHEV$3,750$80,000Yes
Rivian
R1S2023EV$3,750$80,000Yes
R1T2023EV$3,750$80,000Yes
Tesla
Model 3 Long Range All-Wheel Drive2023EV$7,500$55,000Yes
Model 3 Performance2022-2023EV$7,500$55,000Yes
Model 3 Standard Range Rear-Wheel Drive2022-2023EV$7,500$55,000Yes
Model Y All-Wheel Drive2022-2023EV$7,500$80,000Yes
Model Y Long Range All-Wheel Drive2022-2023EV$7,500$80,000Yes
Model Y Performance2022-2023EV$7,500$80,000Yes
Volkswagen
ID.4 AWD PRO2023EV$7,500$80,000Yes
ID.4 AWD PRO S2023EV$7,500$80,000Yes
ID.4 AWD PRO S PLUS2023EV$7,500$80,000Yes
ID.4 PRO2023EV$7,500$80,000Yes
ID.4 PRO S2023EV$7,500$80,000Yes
ID.4 PRO S PLUS2023EV$7,500$80,000Yes
ID.4 S2023EV$7,500$80,000Yes
ID.4 STANDARD2023EV$7,500$80,000Yes

“Kentucky Site Chosen By Toyota For Its Electric Vehicles New Plant”

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Kentucky in the U.S., where the automotive industry carries on to lead the way, from producing the Ford Super Duty vehicles to leading the nation in EVs(electric vehicles) related projects.

Toyota has already announced, that from starting of the year 2025, they will start manufacturing a battery electric SUV at the Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky plant located in Georgetown.

In a news release, Gov. Andy Beshear said; “This is an unbelievable update that now Kentucky will be the center of the battery electric vehicle division,”.

Electric vehicles Kentucky Plant
New Lexus ES 300 Hybrid & RAV4 Hybrid at Georgetown Kentucky plant

Kentucky in the U.S., where the automotive industry carries on to lead the way, from producing the Ford Super Duty vehicles to leading the nation in EVs(electric vehicles) related projects.

Toyota has already announced, that from starting of the year 2025, they will start manufacturing a battery electric SUV at the Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky plant located in Georgetown.

In a news release, Gov. Andy Beshear said; “This is an unbelievable update that now Kentucky will be the center of the battery electric vehicle division,”.

Why is the new Electric Vehicles car Toyota making in Kentucky?

Toyota selected Kentucky because it was the first stand-alone plant of Toyota Motor in America. So, Kentucky is the home place for Toyota in manufacturing.

Already, Toyota has a plant in the U.S. with a capacity to produce nearly 250,000 small cars a year, through NUMMI (New United Motor Manufacturing Corp.), a joint-venture company with General Motors Corp., where subcompact Nova passenger cars are being produced.

Now, the independently owned Toyota site will be in Kentucky, Georgetown. Here in this new plant, Toyota is expecting to produce 200,000 cars a year.

This is not a surprise that, Toyota announced to start building cars on its own in the United States.

Since 1st April 1981, Japanese automakers are laboring under “voluntary” import quotas. This Voluntary import quota system restricts to held their shipments to the American market down to a sanctioned limit of 1.68 million cars a year. Eventually, that upper limit was lifted to 1.85 million units, and last year it was retained at almost 2.4 million cars a year.

In the United States, many other automakers from Japan had already a foothold in that market and they have already profited significantly as a result of those limitations, they may have charged higher prices as of restricted product availability.

But the Japanese be afraid that they would miss the more important battle for U.S. market share if they could not get around the quota allocations, or if they were forced, because of growing protectionist sentiments in this country, to work under even more severe restrictions.

Another route to a bigger market stake was to manufacture the cars where they are sold.

What new Electric Vehicles or car is Toyota making in Kentucky?

This vehicle is Toyota’s first U.S.-built all-electric SUV. It will be a three-row SUV.

James burley works on the assembly line at the Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky plant in Georgetown, U.S. Courtesy-ED Reinke, Associated Press.
James burley works on the assembly line at the Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky plant in Georgetown, U.S. Courtesy-ED Reinke, Associated Press.

Susan Elkington, the president of Toyota Kentucky, told; “We have already seen that the three-row SUV market has an expanding market, and the trend is changing towards electrification of the products and people are switching more to electrification.”

In support of SUV production in Kentucky, Toyota has announced to invest $2.1 million for new infrastructure in its North Carolina battery manufacturing plant.

Toyota has already announced in the year 2021, to invest approx. $461 million in Kentucky factory to build bigger and more battery electric vehicles by the year 2025.

Elkington said Toyota was capable to carry on production in the Commonwealth while adapting and updating the capacity over the last few years to get ready for the launch of the all-electric SUV.

Elkington told, “In fact, our journey here in Kentucky has occurred over several years before now”. “We are creating the compulsory modifications and also enduring existing manufacture, which saves the employment of all our associates.”

What is a Battery Electric Vehicle?

A Toyota Electric vehicle (Car)in the drive way at Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky plant at Georgetown.
A Toyota Car in the drive way at Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky plant at Georgetown.

Ted Ogawa, CEO and the president of Toyota Motor conveyed a message that “We are committed to reducing carbon emission as much as possible and as early as possible”. Switching to battery-electric vehicles is the probable way to achieve this goal of a cleaner and greener planet and the surroundings.

What is Toyota Motor Manufacturing at Kentucky?

Electric vehicles, Toyota Kentucky President Susan Elkington celebrates with employees after announcing the facility with assemble Toyota first Battery Electric Vehicle in U.S. Toyota Motor.
Toyota Kentucky President Susan Elkington celebrates with employees after announcing the facility with assemble Toyota first Battery Electric Vehicle in U.S. Toyota Motor.

The plant in Kentucky is the worldwide largest vehicle manufacturing plant for Toyota.

Toyota explained that the Kentucky plant was opened 37 years back and since then the company has already invested more than $8.5 billion.

Bashear of Toyota Motors said that, In the commonwealth, Toyota was a vital part of the automotive industry and now the company is positioned to help lead us into the further.

As per the press release from the Governor’s office, the Battery Electric Vehicle SUV project is a part of the Toyota commitment for a $591 million future project at the Georgetown site.

For Toyota Motors in Kentucky, the Kentucky Economic Development Finance Authority sanctioned a performance-based incentive. The contract can make open up to $240 million in cumulative tax benefits

 based on the company’s total collective investment of nearly $2.8 billion across projects with a yearly job goal requirement of up to 8,950 over the period of the contract. If Toyota meets the requirements, the company will be qualified to keep a portion of the new tax income it creates.

Conclusion:

Toyota Motor Company is ready to start its battery electric vehicle manufacturing at its already built-up and running plant in Kentucky.

It is expected to produce its BEV SUV from the start of the year 2025.

Ted Ogawa, CEO and the president of Toyota Motor conveyed a message that “We are committed to reducing carbon emission as much as possible and as early as possible”.

As per the press release from the Governor’s office, the Battery Electric Vehicle SUV project is a part of the Toyota commitment for a $591 million future project at the Georgetown site.

For Toyota Motors in Kentucky, the Kentucky Economic Development Finance Authority sanctioned a performance-based incentive.

The contract can make offer up to $240 million in cumulative tax incentives based on the company’s total collective investment of nearly $2.8 billion across projects with a yearly job goal requirement of up to 8,950 over the period of the contract. If Toyota meets the requirements, the company will be qualified to keep a portion of the new tax income it creates.

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